A “hash value” is a numerical value assigned to a native file based on the unique contents and properties of that file and it functions as the digital fingerprint of that file.

It is not necessary to retain any documentation related to an e-discovery project. 

ESI is an acronym for :

A non-custodial data source is a source of stored information that is not associated with a specific person. 

It is not an acceptable practice to produce large volumes of ESI with no attempt to search for and withhold privileged information. 

In a town in England, the wings of a local butterfly species had a black-and-white pattern. Over the years, as air pollution worsened in the town, a coat of black soot often covered everything. From an evolutionary perspective, which of the following is a logical sequencing? 

The Electronic Discovery Reference Model (EDRM) is a guideline and framework for: 

Technology assisted review (TAR), sometimes also called “predictive coding,” is a process used in discovery to speed up the review of documents and reduce the cost of document review. 

Email servers store a user’s email and users connect to the server using a computer or mobile device to read their email. 

One way to help identify individuals who possess ESI that may be relevant to a legal matter is to: