Misalignment of a load on a column will produce a moment.

Spiral columns tend to hold up better during seismic events compared to traditional tied columns.

Determine the required splice length for the longitudinal bars in the following tied column. Assume that all of the longitudinal bars are in compression and that you will use a contact lap splice. Do not incorporate a reduction in length due to ACI 318-14 Section 10.7.5.2.1.Column width, b = 22 in.Column thickness, h = 16 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 4Size of longitudinal bars = No. 9Size of ties = No. 3Concrete strength = 4,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi

In seismic regions, column ties are heavier and spaced further apart than ties in nonseismic regions.

A wall footing has the following conditions. Determine how much greater the factored load is than the unfactored load.The bottom of the footing is at a depth of 4 ft below grade.The service dead load is 6.6 kips/ft, and the service live load is 6.4 kips/ft.The wall is 12 in. thick.The footing is 15 in. thick.The allowable soil pressure, qa, is 4,800 psf.The soil has a density of 110 lb/ft3.The concrete has a density of 150 lb/ft3.The concrete cover has a thickness of 3 in.f’c = 3,000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi.

Determine the maximum pitch, s, for the spirals in the following circular column.Column diameter, h = 28 in.Clear cover to spirals = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 18Size of longitudinal bars = No. 7Size of spiral = No. 3Concrete strength = 2,500 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of spiral = 60,000 psi

Which type of column reinforcement is best at preventing lateral expansion?

Compression members in concrete structures are rarely subjected to bending moments.

Determine the required splice length for the longitudinal bars in the following tied column. Assume that all of the longitudinal bars are in compression and that you will use a contact lap splice. Do not incorporate a reduction in length due to ACI 318-14 Section 10.7.5.2.1.Column width, b = 20 in.Column thickness, h = 18 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 4Size of longitudinal bars = No. 9Size of ties = No. 4Concrete strength = 4,500 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi

Ties restrain the longitudinal bars from buckling out through the surface of the column.