You are now entering the FREE RESPONSE SECTION! There are 6 free response questions (5pts ea).

Consider the figure shown. Hydrogen bonds vary in strength but are typically optimal in [blank1] or “head-on” orientation. (hint: enter a geometric angle, e.g. 50 degrees)

Which of the following is NOT one of the top three causes of death in the United States?

Part1: Consider the structure of the drug NICOTINE and the pKa table shown here.  Drug HA BH+ Nicotine  — N1=3.12 N2=8.02 *** a) Explain the pKa values for N1 and N2. [blank1] (e.g., the pKa for N1 is greater/less than pKa for N2 because…) *** b) At what pH would nicotine be sufficiently protonated to have a total +2 charge? [blank2] (e.g. pH = ##) Part 2: Nicotine (in nicotine gum) is sometimes flavored with artificial sweeteners such as acesulfame, an acidic compound shown here: *** c) The acidic group in acesulfame is a sulfonamide. Which point(s) on the molecule (a-f) include the sulfonamide functional group? [blank3] (e.g. a to b or b to f…) *** d) Assuming nicotine is completely ionized (+2, see b above)…If nicotine and acesulfame reacted to form a salt, what would be the ratio of nicotine to acesulfame? [blank4] (e.g. 2:3 or 2 to 3) Considering either functional group N1 or N2 in nicotine, use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to determine the molar ratio and % IONIZED, %UNIONIZED for Nicotine at pH 7.4  Possibly helpful equations:   pH = pKa + log(A-)/(HA)    -or-     pH = pKa + log(B)/(BH+) *** e) Please specify N1 or N2 and then your percentages: [blank5] (e.g. N1: %I = ##.#; %UI = ##.#)

GCHEM RECALL! Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is utilized in “barium swallow milkshakes” prior to taking x-rays of the digestive tract.  (note: when typing in chemical equations, don’t worry about formatting subscripts, for example BaSO4 = BaSO4 but use parenthesis as needed, for example Na3(PO4) = Na3(PO4) ) 2pt *** a) Write the balanced chemical equation describing how you would prepare BaSO4 from two aqueous solutions resulting in a BaSO4(s) precipitate.   (your answer should be in the format of reactants —> products) [blank1] 2pt *** b) Classify your reaction for blank1 (e.g. neutralization, double replacement, single replacement, etc.) and explain your choice. [blank2] 1pt *** c) Write an balanced equation for when CaCO3 (the main component in TUMS antacid) reacts with stomach acid, HCl [blank3]

What specific set of medical staff approved actions may a respiratory therapist follow independently, based on assessment results?

Consider the neurotransmitters shown below. Notice similarities and differences, then answer the questions below *** a) The pharmacophore of these three compounds is best described as: [blank1] *** b) What is the significance of the “Iso” in the isoprenaline chemical name? [blank2] *** c) What is the significance of the “NOR” in the noradrenaline chemical name? [blank3] *** d) If Noradrenaline binds better to “alpha receptors” while isoprenaline binds better to “beta receptors” and Adrenaline binds equally well to both “alpha” and “beta receptors”….              Suggest a STRUCTURE BASED explanation for these differences in selectivity. [blank4]

The drugs Irinotecan, hydrocortisone, and haloperidol have very different pharmacophores. As such, they will likely exhibit ______ biological and/or pharmacological activity.

Consider the structure of Vitamin A shown here. Label the statements as either TRUE or FALSE…

Consider the panel of amines. Match the amine with its appropriate chemical classification / description: