A positive Babinski reflex in an adult can indicate an upper motor neuron lesion and/or be a sign of an underlying central nervous system (spinal cord) or brain disease that is causing your reflexes to react abnormally. A positive Babinski reflex is noted when:

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding blood volume and cardiac function during pregnancy?

Arterial embolic disease is characterized by emboli that are dispersed throughout the arterial system.  This can be caused by atherosclerotic plaque, infectious material from fungal or bacterial endocarditis.  The most common symptom of arterial embolic disease is:

Heart sounds are generated by blood flowing in and out of the heart’s chambers through the valves as the valves open and close.  You are auscultating the patient’s heart sounds and note that the S2 heart sound is created by:

Which of the following characteristics does NOT directly affect arterial pulses?

You are examining your patient’s nose. Which of the following options would you document when you suspect an allergic response?

The Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) is a standard screening tool that is used to estimate cognitive function quantitively or to document cognitive changes serially. It is most often used with elderly patients. Which of the following statements is true:

Hearing screening is an important part of the physical exam. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the evaluation of a patient’s hearing:

You are examining a 79-year-old patient with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.  He is describing the symptoms of claudication that he experiences while he is walking.  Which of the following physical finding is consistent with the diagnosis of arterial insufficiency?

Using a tongue blade and light inspect the buccal mucosa, gums, and teeth.  The _______ is a whitish, yellow or whitish pink protrusion in the approximate alignment with the second upper molar.