One consequence of the new agriculture of the Early Middle Ages was

Many of the people of Rome who were poor, unprivileged, and vulnerable were a part  of the social class known as the ___________ .

In 476, the boy emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed by    

Many Christians who contracted the plague sought help from the Jews.

The most accurate description of jihad is “striving in the way of the Lord.”

The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defeated which of the following near Poitiers in 732?

England’s use of a Parliament developed under which king?

When a person was excommunicated in the Middle Ages, he/she was still able to receive the sacraments of the Church.

Imperium is a Latin word meaning empire. 

Humanism’s main effect on the writing of history was