If a manager uses a diverting response, shortly after receiving a message from an employee, that employee may then feel like their message is not worth discussing.

Derek, the marketing manager, sends a text message to Brooke, the facilities manager, that they overheard the vice president of human resources (whose office is next to Derek’s office) discussing possible layoffs before the end of the year. What form of communication flow is taking place in this situation?

The CEO of Company A makes it a habit to leave their phone in the car when they get home from work – at least for a few hours. The executive believes that by putting a technological limit on their phone, they are taking a step toward reducing an unhealthy attachment to it. According to your reading, cutting back on checking your phone is one way to reduce stress.

Joe reflects on his summer internship: “My manager was always available to meet with me. Even though I know that they had a highly demanding schedule, we met once a week to discuss my progress. They also introduced me to a couple of managers in other departments to help me not only learn more about the company but to continue to explore my career interests. I am grateful to have had such a supportive manager, who always put my needs first.” What type of leader was Joe’s manager?

According to your reading, leadership is commonly a hierarchical top-down reporting relationship structure and management is shared in all directions.

If your manager asks you in a team meeting for feedback on how they can improve, you should openly share your criticism. After all, your manager is asking for it.

“My baseball coach focuses on getting results. He tells us to come to practice, play hard, and he will play you in the game. If you do not come to practice or practice hard, he will not play you in the game,” says a member of the baseball team. Considering the member’s comment, the coach is a:

Considering the performance formula in the context of a marathon, a runner’s shoes and attire, access to a trainer, and available training time represent their resources.

Joseph and Isabella are optical sales representatives, selling branded eyewear collections. Joseph spends five days a week conducting sales visits. His co-worker, Isabella, only spends four days a week conducting sales visits and always outperforms him by at least seven sales. In which component of performance might Isabella be considered stronger than Joseph?

Alexander, a car salesperson, sold 24 cars last month. On average, most salespeople at his company sell between 15-20 cars a month. Alexander’s manager rewards him for his top sales last month. This is an example of positive reinforcement.