The presence of which gene product inside a neuron is a marker for recent neuronal activation?

In class we discussed the paper, “Optogenetics enables functional analysis of human embryonic stem cell-derived grafts in a Parkinson’s disease model”. The figures below come from that paper. (FYI: Halorhodopsin-EYFP is the same thing as eNpHR3.0-EYFP) Match each panel (A, B, and C) with the mouse genotype that could be responsible for the data. 

Look at the graph below from Caspi et al. (2002). Which of the following statements best describes this figure?

The figure below is a modified figure from the paper, “Optogenetics enables functional analysis of human embryonic stem cell-derived grafts in a Parkinson’s disease model”. Which two bars in the figure denote the behavior of “diseased” mice before dopamine cell transplantation?

Pretend you are scientist studying neurons that are growing in a culture dish. You use Fura-2 to measure the intracellular calcium concentration of these neurons. You measure the fluorescence intensity at Time 1 and obtain a ratio indicative of the red trace. Next, you puff a chemical onto the neurons. Immediately after the puff, at Time 2, you again measure the fluorescence intensity. At Time 2 you obtain a ratio indicative of the blue trace. How did the chemical puff affect the neurons? 

For which of the following algorithms the worst case analysis results in a recurrence relation based on the Fibonacci numbers? 

The mutation in the MAOA gene that results in an early stop codon is:

In the DIRECT pathway, some neurons that have cell bodies in the motor cortex send their axons out to synapse onto neurons whose cell bodies and dendrites are in the striatum. These cortical neurons release glutamate onto the striatal neurons. This glutamate release [1] the neurons in the striatum. Ultimately the thalamus is [2]. Thus, in the direct pathway, the release of glutamate from neurons in the motor cortex [3] movement.

Which of the following events has a probability of 1? 

The mutant fly that Dr. Young identified in in the question above contained a mutation in a gene that encoded the enzyme, ‘Casein Kinase 1’. Casein Kinase 1 phosphorylates period when it is not bound to timeless. When period is phosphorylated by Casein Kinase 1, it is degraded. Thus, period levels will be lowest [duringtheday]. This means that in the night, clock and cycle [willnot] be bound to E-boxes.