Make necessary journal entries for the following events. Assume the firm recognizes depreciation expense annually. On January 1, 2010, Hampton purchased equipment at a cost of $400,000. The installation cost is $20,000. The equipment has a 10-year life and an expected salvage value at the end of 10 years of $20,000. On January 1, 2011, Hampton revised the useful life of the computers to a total of 14 years to replace the original assumption of 10 years and the salvage value to $30,000. On March 31, 2012, Hampton sold the equipment for $320,000.  

Fetal hemoglobin has a similar structure to adult hemoglobin. The 

Questions 13–20 refer to the following reaction scheme. Provide the requested information for each number pictured in the reaction scheme.  Image Description The reaction proceeds in the following manner: In reaction 1, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoate is converted to 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid in the presence via the replacement of an amine group with a ketone. In reaction 2, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is converted to isobutyryl-CoA via the replacement of a carboxylic acid with SCoA. In reaction 3, isobutyryl-CoA is converted to crotonyl-CoA (in which one of the terminal CH3 groups is converted into a CH2 group as a C=C double-bond is formed).In the next reaction, which is not numbered in the diagram, crotonyl-CoA is converted to 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl-CoA via attachment of an alcohol to the terminal CH2 with a double C=C bond, converting the C=C bond back into a C-C single bond. And then, to 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate via replacement of SCoA with an oxygen. In the next reaction, involving molecule 4 in the diagram, 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate is converted into 3-formyl-2-methylpropionate in the presence of molecule 4 via converting the terminal oxygen into an aldehyde. Molecule 4 is converted into an unknown in the process. In the next reaction, involving molecule 5 in the diagram, 3-formyl-2-methylpropionate is converted into propionyl-CoA (whose structure is not shown) in the presence of an unknown cofactor or substrate, which is converted into molecule 5. Additionally, NAD+ is utilized and converted into an unknown product in the process.  In the next reaction, involving molecule 6 in the diagram, propionyl-CoA is converted into D-methyl malonyl CoA in the presence of molecule 6. In the next reaction, creating molecule 7 in the diagram, D-methyl malonyl CoA is converted to the unknown product 7. In the final reaction, creating product 8 in the diagram, Product 7, in the presence of cobalamin, is converted to the unknown product 8.

Upload your answers to these questions. Outline the steps necessary to convert the final odd-chain fatty acid β-oxidation fragment, propionyl-CoA, to succinyl-CoA. Include structures and names of substrates and products, enzyme type for each reaction, and necessary cofactors. Note: You do not need to draw out the absolute stereochemical configuration for each compound, but you must use the appropriate letter to denote the configuration. (5 pts.)  Identify the name of the enzyme in this pathway whose reaction has been shown to proceed via a radical intermediate? (1 pt.) 

The hypothesis test mentioned in the previous question was conducted in Minitab and the results are shown below. According to the hypothesis test results, which is the correct decision? (Use alpha = 0.05)

This figure shows the fraction or percent of myoglobin or hemoglobin O2 binding sites occupied on the y-axis as a function of O2 partial pressure shot on the x-axis. The middle Hb blue curve is for normal Hb. The right-hand red Hb curve reflects the shift in the bonding affinity of Hb in response to a drop in pH, whereas the left-hand green Hb curve reflects the change in response to an increase in pH.     Diagram citation Wikimedia Commons (Public Domain)  Image Description  Graph depicting hemoglobin oxygen saturation percentage against oxygen partial pressure (mmHg). Three curves represent different pH levels: green for pH 7.8 (alkalosis hypocapnia), blue for pH 7.4 (normal), and red for pH 7.0 (acidosis hypercapnia). The y-axis ranges from 0 to 100%, indicating hemoglobin oxygen saturation, while the x-axis ranges from 0 to 120 mmHg, indicating oxygen partial pressure. The curves show the relationship between oxygen binding and blood pH. Which of these curves shows the greatest affinity for O2? (1 pt.) Which one of the two shifted Hb curves, right or left, would result in the release of the most O2 to the cells, if the lung pO2 decreases from 100 torr to 60 torr and the pO2 of the tissues remains the same at 27 torr? Briefly justify your answer. (2 pts.)

A random sample of 525 Penn State students were asked whether they are originally from Pennsylvania. We will study those that responded “yes”. The following Minitab output summarizes the results of those that responded “yes”. Examine the descriptive statistics provided above, which statement is NOT true?

Upload your answers to these questions. Outline the synthesis of the ketone body, acetoacetate, which forms in the liver under fasting conditions. It is formed in three steps. Include all substrate and product names and structures, enzyme names, and any necessary cofactors or coenzymes. (6 pts.) For the last step in the synthesis of acetoacetate, draw the arrow pushing mechanism for the reaction and identify which reaction in glycolysis it is parallel to. (3 pts.)  Ketone bodies are exported from the liver and utilized as an energy source by the extrahepatic tissues. The brain, which normally utilizes glucose as its energy source, can, under fasting conditions, partially convert to using ketone bodies over the course of a few days. Show how a molecule of the ketone body, -hydroxybutyrate, produced in the liver and exported via the blood to the brain, is utilized for energy production and what advantage this compound has over acetoacetate in terms of cellular energy production. You may use compound names instead of structures. Enzyme names are not necessary. Include any necessary cofactors for full points. (3 pts.) 

 Questions 14 – 17 will refer to the same research scenario. A delivery company has asked a random sample of delivery drivers to report the number of miles driven on Wednesday 8/6/2025. The data was summarized with the following box plot. How would you describe the shape of the distribution?

The amino acids Gly and Pro, as well as modified prolines that have a hydroxyl group on the Pro ring or Hyp, are the principal amino acids comprising collagen. Consider this excerpt from this article: Beck, K., Chan, V. C., Shenoy, N., Kirkpatrick, A., Ramshaw, J. A. M., & Brodsky, B. (2000). Destabilization of osteogenesis imperfecta collagen-like model peptides correlates with the identity of the residue replacing glycine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (8) 4273–4278. “Gly-Pro-Hyp is the most common, as well as the most stabilizing, triplet in collagen (5). The presence of Gly at every third residue is considered essential….” If there is a genetic mutation that interrupts this pattern of Gly at every third position, bones do not develop properly. They are characteristically brittle, resulting in a genetic disease known as osteogenesis imperfecta. Use your knowledge of the structure of collagen to explain why this regularly repeating Gly residue is essential to the formation of a proper and strong collagen triple helix.  (2 pts.) Vitamin C is required for the biochemical reaction that puts the modifying OH group on a Pro in collagen. Why does a vitamin C deficiency result in changing the overall strength of collagen? (2 pts.)