24.) These measures enacted by state and local governments in the immediate aftermath of the war sought to deprive newly freed African Americans of their legal rights by forcing Freedmen to obtain proof or residence and employment within six months of liberation, or face high fines and imprisonment?

Large Question. Please refer to the following figure. In real-world applications, deploying multiple robots dynamically to their designated locations as coordinated teams while minimizing the distance cost between robots and their assigned goals is a challenging, NP-hard problem. To address this, we consider a framework for team-based multi-robot task allocation and path planning, designed specifically for robot exploration missions. This approach utilizes an optimization-based distance-minimization model. Tasks are first divided into sub-tasks, considering interdependence and relations among robots. Robots are clustered into teams based on these relationships and the nature of the tasks. Each team of robots, initially enclosed within arbitrary shapes due to their intercorrelations, is approximated and relaxed into circular formations. This approximation simplifies the optimization problem and focuses on minimizing distances both between teams and between individual robots and their goals. The problem is formulated as an optimization task that aims to minimize total traveled distance while maintaining task feasibility. After solving the optimization problem, the teams are deployed to their respective locations. Once teams reach their approximate positions, the individual robot locations within each team are fine-tuned using graph-based methods, ensuring accurate task execution and minimal path overlap. Explain how this multi-robot multi-task allocation system works. Describe this algorithm in pseudo-code form.   [Note, if students use ChatGPT to obtain solution, the entire exam will be zero!] If you are comfortable to draw figures or answer your questions using computer’s app, please draw figures online.  However, it is hard to draw figures and diagrams using apps.  Alternatively, please have enough empty papers ready on your hands in the exam.  If questions require you to draw figures or diagrams, please feel free to draw by hands on your empty papers.  Please immediately scan or take photos of papers with figures or diagrams by cell phone and quickly email me (no more than 15 minutes after your exam). Thanks for your corporation!

Which thinker wrote Candide​?

Choose the three (3) accurate definitions that correspond to each of the following terms:

Multiple-choice questions In the following statement on VFH local navigator, which one is incorrect?   (a) In the VFH local navigator, Cartesian Histogram Grid: A 2D grid is constructed using the robot’s range sensor data. This grid maps obstacles in the robot’s environment, representing their positions in Cartesian coordinates relative to the robot. (b) In the VFH local navigator, Candidate Valleys: Within the polar histogram, consecutive sectors with obstacle densities below a predefined threshold are identified as candidate valleys. These valleys are evaluated based on their alignment with the target direction, guiding the robot toward an optimal path while avoiding obstacles. (c) In the VFH local navigator, Polar Histogram: The Cartesian histogram is then transformed into a one-dimensional polar histogram. This representation focuses on the robot’s immediate surroundings by considering distance to obstacles in angular sectors centered around the robot’s current location. (d) VFH is currently one of the most popular local planners used in mobile robotics, competing with the later developed dynamic window approach (DWA).

Which character fits this description from Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl? Linda’s master, enemy, and would-be lover. Although this character has the legal right to “use” Linda in any way he/she chooses, this character seeks to seduce her by means of threats and trickery rather than outright force. Linda’s rebelliousness enrages him/her, and he/she becomes obsessed with the idea of breaking her will. Throughout the long battle over Linda’s right to own herself, this character never shows any sign of remorse or understanding that she is a person with rights and feelings.

Current year foreign taxes paid exceed the ceiling based on U.S. tax attributable to foreign source income. These excess foreign tax credits

Joel was initially opposed to gun ownership rights under all circumstances. As a member of his debate team, he was asked to offer arguments in favor of gun rights. He resolved the tension between his attitudes and actions by changing his attitudes, bringing them more in line with his actions. His attitude change is best explained by ________ theory.

Identify this work:  This work opens with an introduction in which the author states his/her reasons for writing an autobiography. His/Her story is painful, and he/she would rather have kept it private (due to the abusive nature of his/her story, primarily sexual abuse), but he/she feels that making it public may help the antislavery movement. A preface by abolitionist Lydia Maria Child makes a similar case for the book and states that the events it records are true.

Carefully read the statement and determine whether it is true (T) or false (F). To address the shortcomings of the artificial potential field (APF) while the individual repulsive forces are totaled to compute resultant force, the Vector Field Histogram (VFH) was developed by Borenstein and Koren. The VFH operates within an angular coordinate system, constructing a polar histogram based on the surrounding obstacle density. It then identifies valleys areas devoid of obstacles and selects the one closest to the intended direction.