____________ is a sentence requiring individuals to perform unpaid labor in the community. Some critics state that is takes away from paid laborers. And it’s a mild punishment for upper-class and white-collar criminals.

Please list three of the four main issues faced by women in prison. 

The values and norms of the prison social system that define the inmates’ idea of the model prisoner. 

Which is NOT one of the three intermediate sanctions imposed by judges? 

___________ is a point system in which prisoners can reduce their term of imprisonment and gain release by earning points, through labor, good behavior, and educational achievement. 

True or False. Recidivism is when an individual returns to criminal activity. 

This court case extended due process rights to offenders in probation revocation hearings. 

Which star in the HR diagram has the largest radius?

Historically, Betelgeuse, a red supergiant in the constellation of Orion, has been one of the brightest stars in the night sky. However, between September 2019 and February 2020, the star apparent magnitude changed dramatically. (A) Use the graph of the magnitude of Betelgeuse provided below (Nature 2020) and calculate the change in brightness of the star.   

The lac operon in E. coli codes for genes that are involved in breaking lactose into glucose and galactose when the cell needs to use those for energy. Expression of the lac operon is lowest when glucose levels are [a] and lactose levels are [b]. Hint: think this through logically if you don’t remember how the lac operon works.