A 28-year-old female presents with fatigue and heavy menstrual bleeding. Laboratory tests reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and MCV of 75 fL. 

What is a primary consequence of the increased rate of hemolysis in sickle cell disease? 

How does genotyping tumor cells benefit cancer treatment? 

A patient is diagnosed with influenza, a viral infection. Which part of the virus’s life cycle is targeted by antiviral medications like oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?

A 30-year-old male athlete experiences increased bone density in his lower limbs after a period of intense training.  Which cells are primarily responsible for this adaptive response? 

What is a common cause of cubital tunnel syndrome? 

A 65-year-old male with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with fatigue and joint pain. Laboratory tests show a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL, MCV of 85 fL, and elevated inflammatory markers.  What is the most likely cause of his anemia? 

What is a common degenerative disease that affects the knee joint? 

A 50-year-old male with a history of cardiovascular disease is prescribed a medication that increases prostacyclin levels.  What is the expected effect of this medication on platelet function? 

How do the signs and symptoms of cancer in children often differ from those in adults?