The hTERT gene must be up-regulated for human cells to escape crisis.

Briefly describe the basic molecular mechanism that triggers the barrier that counts cell divisions.

Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that the multi-step process of tumorigenesis requires the acquisition of [A] to transform a normal human epithelial cell.

Apoptosis does not occur in cells lacking p53.

Mammary epithelial cells expressing the Ras oncogene were treated with TGFβ for 7 days to induce EMT, then the exogenous TGFβ was removed. What do you think will happen to the identity (epithelial vs mesenchymal) of these cells and why?

Which of the following best describes the impact of EMT-TFs on gene expression?

[A] are a key source of PDGF in wound healing while [B] cells provide PDGF during cancer development.

Peak migratory ability is found in cancer cells in the [A] state, while peak tumor initiating potential is found in cancer cells in the [B] state.

Halsted hypothesized that invisible breast cancer tumor cells are invading adjacent tissues. Thus, he reasoned that if he removed the whole breast, muscle and associated lymph nodes, the cancer could be cured.From what you have learned about invasion and metastasis what makes this a faulty hypothesis?

In Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited racial discrimination in public accommodations. The case primarily addressed whether Congress could use its Commerce Clause powers to regulate: