The water flowing through a powered instrument tip forms tiny bubbles that collapse, producing shock waves that destroy bacteria by tearing the bacterial cell walls.  This mechanism of action is termed;

If an instrument working-end breaks during use in the mouth, a quick-thinking clinician will use a suction tip to remove the metal fragment from the mouth.  It is important to inform the patient immediately if a working- end breaks during use in the mouth. 

The objective of instrument sharpening is to restore blade sharpness.  Which clinical outcome is true as a result of a sharp instrument blade? 

From what surfaces can you access the furcations on mandibular molars? 

How far the tip of a powered instrument moves during one cycle is known as the:

Which of the following  statements best describes the value of risk assessment? 

Harold is removing calculus from the mandibular left posterior sextant.  He is using a universal curet to remove medium-sized deposits when he realizes that his instrument has gotten dull. When should Harold sharpen the instrument? 

Ultrasonic instruments with thin tip design have been shown to be safe and effective in debridement of calculus, biofilm, and endotoxins fro root surface within 4 to 7 mm pockets.  Thin ultrasonic tips are only slightly larger than hand-activitated curets. 

Correct adaptation is when the working end of an insert is positioned to conform to the morphology of the tooth surface.  When correctly adapted, the entire length of the insert will be in contact with the root surface. 

All of the following systemic client conditions contraindicate the use of air polishing except: