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Upload your answers to these questions. Outline the synthesis of the ketone body, acetoacetate, which forms in the liver under fasting conditions. It is formed in three steps. Include all substrate and product names and structures, enzyme names, and any necessary cofactors or coenzymes. (6 pts.) For the last step in the synthesis of acetoacetate, draw the arrow pushing mechanism for the reaction and identify which reaction in glycolysis it is parallel to. (3 pts.)  Ketone bodies are exported from the liver and utilized as an energy source by the extra-hepatic tissues. The brain, which normally utilizes glucose as its energy source, can, under fasting conditions, partially convert to using ketone bodies over the course of a few days. Show how a molecule of the ketone body, -hydroxybutyrate, produced in the liver and exported via the blood to the brain, is utilized for energy production and what advantage this compound has over acetoacetate in terms of cellular energy production. You may use compound names instead of structures. Enzyme names are not necessary. Include any necessary cofactors for full points. (3 pts.) 

Upload your answers to these questions. Beginning with PLP (Vit. B6), whose structure is given below, draw out the arrow-pushing mechanism that results in the transfer of the amino group of Ala to PLP as catalyzed by the enzyme alanine aminotransferase. (6 pts.)  Name the molecule that ultimately accepts the amino group of Ala in the above alanine aminotransferase reaction. (1 pt.)  The α-amino group in the amino acid glutamate can be directly converted to an α-keto compound in a single step with the release of ammonia. This reaction requires a cofactor. Identify the cofactor and the general name for the type of enzyme that catalayzes reactions like these. (2 pts.) 

A 13 foot ladder is resting flat against a wall. The bottom of the ladder starts being pulled away from the wall at a rate of ft/sec. How fast is the top of the ladder moving down the wall 8 seconds after we start pushing? (Be careful with signs and the words “up” vs “down” and “toward” and “away”)

Name two additives that may be used in radiolabeling kits, name two more for up to 2 points extra credit.  These are separate from the necessary components.  

Use a linear approximation of the function at to approximate the value of .  Write your answer as a reduced fraction.

For Day 3: ____ mls of water per feeding

Approximately how many cups of dry food are in the bag of dog food?

Kiba comes back a few weeks later and needs a PEG tube placed. Hill illness factor is 1.2. What is his IER? 

What is the DMB % of crude fat in his dry food?