A 56 year old man is diagnosed with COPD. His post-bronchodilator FEV1 is 55%. His physician has prescribed a short-acting beta agonist prn, a long-acting beta agonist (LABA) twice a day, and a long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA). The patient is not on inhaled corticosteroids, has a CAT score of 17 with one exacerbation within the past year that did not lead to hospitalization. Which of the following best describes the GOLD Group classification of his COPD?

Which of the following pathologic changes occurs FIRST in the development of chronic bronchitis?

Mr. Smith is a chronic bronchitis patient admitted to the medical floor with a diagnosis of pneumonia and COPD exacerbation. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cause of his infection?

Which of the following is the main criteria required to qualify a patient for home oxygen therapy?

An emphysematic patient is sent to the ED by his PCP. The patient has obvious increased WOB and complains of dyspnea. ABGs are drawn on RA and the ED physician states the patient is still ventilating adequately at this time. Which of the following ABG values indicates that the patient has an adequate ventilatory capacity?

Mr. Lynch is admitted to the hospital experiencing an exacerbation of COPD. The physician has ordered SABA four times a day, LABA with a long-acting anticholinergic, oxygen therapy and IV antibiotics. To adequately treat his exacerbation, what is missing from his regimen?

A patient with chronic bronchitis has had chronic hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis for many years. During a recent acute exacerbation, he is noted to also have distended neck veins (JVD), cardiomegaly, liver enlargement and tenderness and pedal edema. This complication is best described as:

A patient is admitted to the ED of a local hospital in an acute onset of an asthma exacerbation; upon entering the room you note the following: HR = 136, RR = 22, moderate use of accessory muscles, hypertension and SpO2 90% on 3 L/NC. Upon your assessment you note faint expiratory wheezes bilaterally and as you palpate the patient’s pulse you note that it weakens in strength during the patient’s inspiratory phase. Which of the following is causing this finding?

In asthmatics that exhibit significant airway remodeling, a patient often modifies home treatment based on _________ values.

A patient with a severe asthma attack has many mucus plugs. Which of the following of the structural changes of the lung will most likely be expected to occur that can lead to clinical finding of fine crackles and diminished breath sounds?