The best documented and most reliable Doppler parameter used for gauging the severity of carotid stenosis in someone with moderate to severe stenosis is the PSV in the stenotic zone.

What is the approximate percentage of blood in the CCA is normally directed into the ICA?

Carotid duplex stent protocol requirements should include velocities at which of the following sites?

If a patient has critical or severe stenosis of the brachiocephalic artery reversal of flow would most likely be seen in the left vertebral artery.

Uncontrolled hypertension is considered a risk factor for complications during a CAS procedure.

Patches used during carotid endarterectomy can be of several different types.  Of the ones listed below which would not be commonly used?

Patients with neck swelling ipsilateral to a carotid endarterectomy are most likely to have which of the folllowing?

Proximal to a significant stenosis, the CCA may exhibit a wave form similar to:

An asymptomatic neck bruit may be an indication for an extracranial carotid exam.

Restenosis which occurs 5-10 years post CEA is most likely: