(05.02A HC)Due to its location, Hawaii does not have very many land birds. The Hawaiian honeycreepers are a favorite for many ornithologists. There are over 50 species of honeycreepers that can all be traced back to one ancestor. The level of diversity in an ecosystem can be determined by the frequency of speciation and extinction. If the Hawaiian honeycreepers became extinct, explain how the newly available niches could lead to speciation.

(04.02 HC)New findings suggest that, due to rising levels of carbon dioxide in the air and an increase in the acidity of the oceans, most coral reefs that exist today will disintegrate by the end of the century. If carbon dioxide levels continue to rise, what is the most likely effect on marine organisms that rely on these reefs for food and shelter?

Outstanding debt of Home Depot trades with a yield to maturity of 10%. The tax rate of Home Depot is 25%. What is the effective cost of debt of Home Depot?

(04.04 MC)Zebra mussels were first discovered in North America in the Great Lakes in 1988. This invasive species eats phytoplankton and other microscopic organisms in fresh water. What would be the most likely effect if zebra mussels are introduced into a local fresh water lake?

A beam has dimensions of b = 16 in., h = 26 in., and d = 23.5 in. and is reinforced with 4 No. 7 bars. The concrete strength is 4,000 psi, and the yield strength of the reinforcement is 60,000 psi. Determine the nominal moment capacity, Mn, of the beam.

In design, there is one unique answer. One determines the beam strength given several factors such as concrete strength, cross section, reinforcement size, location, and yield strength.

(06.06 HC)A medical researcher measured the diastolic wall thicknesses of the arteries in a young, healthy test subject. The test subject came back 20 years later to have the measurements repeated. The measurements revealed that the subject’s artery walls were half as thick as they originally were. Which of the following is the most likely long-term effect if the measured trend continues?

A beam has dimensions of b = 14 in., h = 24 in., and d = 21.5 in. and is reinforced with 2 No. 5 bars. The concrete strength is 3,700 psi, and the yield strength of the reinforcement is 60,000 psi. Determine the nominal moment capacity, Mn, of the beam.

A beam has dimensions of b = 14 in., h = 28 in., and d = 25.5 in. and is reinforced with 4 No. 5 bars. The concrete strength is 4,600 psi, and the yield strength of the reinforcement is 60,000 psi. If the depth to the neutral surface is c = 1.657503 in., determine the strain in the reinforcement.

A sample of water contains 0.050 grams of arsenic (As) in 4.0 liters of water. Calculate the concentration of arsenic in the water in parts per million (ppm).