Patient Jasmin and Patient Darnell are being evaluated at the clinic. They have their fasting blood glucose measured. Jasmin’s fasting glucose is 87 mg/dL and Darnell’s is 93 mg/dL. Next, they are both given a 75 gram glucose beverage. Blood glucose is then measured at 2 hours after consuming the beverage. As expected, each patients’ blood glucose levels increase after ingestion of the glucose beverage. Both Jasmin and Darnell 2 hour glucose results are within the normal glucose values (normoglycemia). However, Jasmin’s average plasma insulin value during the glucose beverage testing is 62 mlU/L and Darnell’s average plasma insulin value during the testing is 178 mlU/L. Based on these results, which of the following is a the most likely interpretation:

Which phase of swallowing has the greatest risk of aspiration into the respiratory airway? [a] Which phase of swallowing is regulated by autonomic and enteric nervous system neurons? [b] Which brain region controls the reflexive, involuntary portion of swallowing? [c]

Describe how ions and water are absorbed by cells lining the digestive tract. Be sure to include any membrane proteins involved in the process.

Match each description with the correct organ/structure:

Describe the progressive digestion of the three major nutrients: CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, and PROTEINS Be sure to start by naming the large macromolecules in our diet and end your description with the smallest molecules that allow absorption in the intestines. Be sure to include specific examples too. Note: you do NOT need to name the enzymes doing the digestion, this will be asked in a separate question later.

BONUS – Match the cranial nerve with the correct motor function related to swallowing:

Select the TWO primary causes of peptic ulcers (stomach and duodenum):

Match the description with the correct molecules related to lipid and fat absorption and metabolism:

A 19-year-old female is injured during college gymnastics and she is forced to stop her intensive training. Before the injury she was 127 lbs (18% body fat) and after 12 weeks without training she is 142 lbs (26% body fat). Based on these results, it would be expected that her plasma [a] and her plasma [b] when measured after the 12 weeks without gymnastics training.

Match the mechanism(s) of action with the correct drug: