As far as law enforcement goes, the role of the sheriff in colonial America was completely preventative (Langbein, 1974).

The ______________ was a way of selecting and promoting police officers based on their skills and performance rather than on political connections. 

_____________ is a widely used method of incapacitation in the criminal justice system, aimed at preventing criminals from committing further offenses by keeping them locked up in secure environments. 

The United States Constitution is one of the most important legal documents in the country.

A hit-and-run accident victim cannot sue the driver for damages in civil court in addition to the criminal charges the driver may face in criminal court.

Police are never justified in using deadly force.

The ____________ is a complex and multistage process that involves various actors, including the judge, the prosecution, the defense, and the jury.

_______________, or “judge-made” law, originated from judges deciding cases based on legal customs during medieval England. 

Traffic and ___________________ are the most common specialized units in American police departments. 

__________is the power to review laws made by the legislature and decide whether they align with constitutional standards.