A(n) registration authority issues, manages, authenticates, signs, and revokes users’ digital certificates, which typically contain the user name, public key, and other identifying information.

Complete loss of power for a moment is known as a(n) ____.

The most common hybrid system is based on the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange method, which is a method for exchanging private keys using public key encryption.

SHA-1 produces a(n) _____-bit message digest, which can then be used as an input to a digital signature algorithm.

Dictionary attacks are a collection of brute-force methods that attempt to deduce statistical relationships between the structure of the unknown key and the ciphertext generated by the cryptosystem.

____ is the entire range of values that can possibly be used to construct an individual key.

The application header protocol provides secrecy for the content of a network communication.

Microsoft acknowledged that if you type a res:// URL (a Microsoft-devised type of URL) which is longer than characters in Internet Explorer 4.0, the browser will crash. This is an example of a(n) ____.

With the removal of copyright protection, software can be easily distributed and installed.

A number of technical mechanisms-digital watermarks and embedded code, copyright codes, and even the intentional placement of bad sectors on software media-have been used to enforce copyright laws.