Which of the following is NOT a normal characteristic of urine?

In a healthy individual, which substance can be found in the filtrate, but NOT in the urine?

Which of the following correctly describes oliguria?

If the blood pH becomes too acidic, the body responds by _________________ the respiratory rate and depth. (How can breathing be changed to make the blood more alkaline)?

If there are high levels of CO2 building up in the blood, what will happen to the H+ levels in the blood (before any compensation has occurred)?

Filtrate in the collecting duct will directly drain into which structure?

All of the following structures are found at the renal hilum, EXCEPT:

Based on the following blood values, what condition is this patient experiencing?  pH: 7.5 HCO3-: 32 mEq/mL pCO2: 45 mmHg

In boxing, a punch to the kidney area is illegal as it may bruise or rupture the organ.  Therefore a referee might call a foul if he sees a punch to which area of the body?

A person who unknowingly ordered the spiciest dish at a restaurant tries to fix their stomach pain by taking multiple antacids.  This has made their bicarbonate levels to increase about 24 mEq/L.  What condition have they developed?