Iontophoresis is commonly used for what type of condition/diagnosis?

When e-stim is used to decrease edema in extremities that lack muscle contraction, applying this type of e-stim around the main draining vents can help to reduce edema.

When using e-stim for tissue healing for inflammation of an ankle sprain, the electrode(s) should be placed according to which of the following configurations?

Electrical stimulation should not be used to treat edema caused by what?

The frequency used to promote tissue healing should be in the range of 35 to 80 pps.

Possible adverse effects of electrical stimulation for tissue healing include all of the following EXCEPT:

The use of electrical stimulation to promote transdermal drug penetration is known as:

This type of electrical stimulation is based on the principle that like charges repel, and therefore a fixed charge electrode on the skin can promote the movement of charged ions of a drug through the skin by “pushing” them away. 

How many electrodes are indicated for the use of interferential current?

Which of the following situations is NOT an appropriate clinical implication for the use of low-rate TENS?