Refer to the figure above showing DNA strands. Which letter represents the leading strand? 

 In prokaryotes, the region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds most tightly is the. 

Order the four steps shown as they would occur, from beginning to end, during expression of a eukaryotic gene.(1) Pre-mRNA is processed to make mRNA.(2) Ribosomes translate the mRNA message to make proteins.(3) mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm.(4) DNA is used as a template to make pre-mRNA. 

Given the following template DNA sequence, what is the amino acid sequence? ATGTTGGACCAA. 

Which position of the codon is flexible according to the wobble hypothesis? 

List 1 source of measurement validity evidence from the Standards of Educational and Psychological Measurement AND briefly described how the evidence is collected..

 The poly A tail added to pre-mRNA. 

A researcher was interested in comparing the effectiveness of 3 types of instructional materials for teaching 1 biology concept. The instructional materials included: using text materials, video materials, text + video materials.  25 10th grade Biology students were randomly assigned to each type of instructional material for a total of 75 students.  These 75 students were volunteers  recruited from an after-school program.  Students used the method for 1, 2-hour session and were then tested using a 20 item Biology exam. What is the scale of measurement of the independent variable(s)?

A researcher was interested in comparing the academic motivation of identified gifted 4th grade students and 4th grade students who were not identified as gifted.   100 gifted 4th grade students and 100, 4th grade students who were not identified as gifted were randomly selected and were administered a 10 item academic motivation questionnaire (Cronbach alpha = .96).  The responses to the questionnaire were combined to form an overall academic motivation score. What is the independent variable(s)?

A researcher investigated the impact of a parent losing a job on 7th grade children’s math achievement.  The researcher compared the math achievement of 7th grade children who had 1 parent losing a job with the math achievement of 7th grade children who did not have a parent losing a job.  The researcher hypothesized that when a parent lost a job  children would become more stressed and this stress would hurt the children’s math achievement. In this study, what type of variable is children’s stress levels?