Which of the following components are essential to the definition of consciousness?

The________ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable actions and/or responses and their environmental determinants.

The________ theory states that cells in the visual system respond to complementary pairs of red-green and blue-yellow colors; a given cell might be excited by red and inhibited by green, whereas another cell might be excited by yellow and inhibited by blue.

Classical conditioning helps to explain________, which refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

The phrase________ refers to individuals’ understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have private experiences.

Which of the following is an active drug in cigarettes?

A / An________ reinforcer is innately satisfying, and it does not require any learning on the organism’s part to make it pleasurable.

I have reviewed the materials provided on the importance of using citations and references. I understand that plagiarism is any action which represents the work of others as my own, including copying and improper citation. Clicking “Yes” below indicates your full understanding and agreement with the statements above. If you have any questions, please contact your instructor immediately.  

Instructions: You have 1 hour to complete the exam.  This is a closed book and closed notes exam. Only a physical scientific calculator is allowed. No graphing calculators, electronic devices, books, notes, or other reference materials are permitted during the exam. You may only use a pen or pencil and blank scratch paper. Write all answers clearly in the space provided and show all necessary work to receive full credit. If you need additional space or prefer to write your solutions on separate sheets, you may do so. In that case, clearly label each sheet with your name and the corresponding question number. After completing the questions, scan your solutions and upload them to Canvas as a SINGLE .pdf file. You may use your phone to scan your work. Then, either share the file with your computer or email it to yourself in order to upload it. Ensure that all pages are legible, properly ordered, and clearly labeled with your name. Now you can start. Sample Exam.pdf  

Which of the following is the significant lipid component of the cell walls of acid-fast bacteria?