56. The primary health care provider prescribed a drug to be given 3-4 hrs prn.  The last dose was given at 0900. When is the earliest time the next dose can be given?

63.  Name 4 mechanisms of microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents. (NOTE: not antibiotic abuse).

64.  Gram negative rods that ferment lactose with gas @35oC after 24 hours incubation, usually are indicators of water pollution are called?

21.      A 22-year old college student presents with fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and general weakness.  The most likely diagnosis is:  

31.   A 67-year old works in a textile mill that processes imported goat hair into fabrics.  He        notices a painless swollen pimple on his chin.  He later developed a 1-cm ulcer at the        pimple site.  Gram + rod, aerobic endospore former is isolated from the site.  What is        the etiology?                

57  A male patient presents with symptoms of gonorrhea, painful urination, and pus        discharge. He is treated with antibiotic Ceftriaxone but the symptoms persist.        The patient most likely has co-infection with:      

33.  Which of the following is wrongly matched.      

66.  A patient presents with a bacterial infection on the skin and soft tissues of the leg. The vernacular name of the etiological agent  of this infection is “flesh eating bacteria”.  What is the scientific name of this infection? (2pts) What is the name of the etiological agent (genus and species) (2pts).

37.   A 6-week old infant is brought to the emergency room with a 10-day history of             coughing and choking spells.  The baby gasps for air in between coughs,             experiencing paroxysms of coughing.  The culture grows gram – obligate             aerobic rods.  Which of the following microorganisms is likely to cause these             symptoms?           

   51.      Clostridium difficille-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is usually preceded by: