One encryption method made popular by spy movies involves using the text in a book as the key to decrypt a message.

Hash algorithms are public functions that create a hash value by converting variable-length messages into a single fixed-length value.

A(n) registration authority issues, manages, authenticates, signs, and revokes users’ digital certificates, which typically contain the user name, public key, and other identifying information.

Complete loss of power for a moment is known as a(n) ____.

The most common hybrid system is based on the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange method, which is a method for exchanging private keys using public key encryption.

SHA-1 produces a(n) _____-bit message digest, which can then be used as an input to a digital signature algorithm.

Dictionary attacks are a collection of brute-force methods that attempt to deduce statistical relationships between the structure of the unknown key and the ciphertext generated by the cryptosystem.

____ is the entire range of values that can possibly be used to construct an individual key.

The application header protocol provides secrecy for the content of a network communication.

Microsoft acknowledged that if you type a res:// URL (a Microsoft-devised type of URL) which is longer than characters in Internet Explorer 4.0, the browser will crash. This is an example of a(n) ____.