After exercise, the additional volume of air expired is called the [tv3] and requires the contraction of the [tv4] muscles (name one).

A urine concentration of 1600 mOsm is considered in normal range.

The region of the brainstem responsible for maintaining the spontaneous breathing  rhythm is the [on1], due to a complex called the [on2]. In an old German fairytale, [on3] places a curse on her cheating lover that damages this segment of the brain.

The most common transporter found in the body is

This hormone stimulate sodium reabsorption

Filtration occurs throughout the day, which normally averages [gfr1] L/day. Of the amount of plasma filtered, only about [gfr2] L makes it to the bladder.

The functional unit of the kidney includes all the following EXCEPT

Blood enters the renal corpuscle through the [aff1] and is filtered by special capillaries called the [aff2]. The filtered product called [aff3] is held in [aff4] before being sent into the proximal convoluted tubule.

All the following will shift the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left except

What is crossing over and when does it occur?