Researchers surveyed 50 students (group 1) sitting in the back half of the classroom and 15 students (group 2) sitting in the front half of the classroom and recorded their GPA.  The goal of the study was to see if, on average, the students that sat in the back half of the classroom have lower GPAs than those that sat in the front half. The sample statistic is -0.170 (using back minus front) with standard error 0.062.  The p-value is 0.032. Complete the statements below: Using a significance level of 0.05, the researchers should [answer1] the null hypothesis. It is possible that they have committed a type [answer2] error.

:Assume a researcher asks 125 Penn State students the following two questions   How do you typically commute to class from your home? (walk, bike, take bus, drive) Are you an only child?  (yes, no) The responses are summarized below. Yes    No    Total Walk 25 35 60 Bike 6 12 18 Take the bus 4 18 22 Drive 10 15 25 Total 45 80 125 When considering ‘Yes’ and ‘Bike’,  the correct calculation for the expected count is [answer1]. The correct interpretation of the expected count is: If the two variables are [answer2], we would expect that around [answer3] of children who [answer4] an “only child” to [answer5] when commuting from home to class.

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Fifteen students were asked how many nights a month do they study.  The responses are listed in the table found below.  Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of nights study/month 4 5 6 10 12 14 18 20 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 The mean is 16.6 nights/month Match the attribute of the sample with the appropriate answer.   

A researcher asked random samples of 50 kindergarten teachers and 50 12th grade teachers how much of their own money they spent on school supplies in the previous school year. They wanted to see if teachers at one grade level spend more than teachers at the other grade level. In this study, it turns out that 12th grade teachers generally earn more money than kindergarten teachers. In this study, the  ‘income of the teacher’ is an example of a(n): [answer1] variable.

Suppose we wish to know if females at a university are less likely to believe in extraterrestrial life than males.  The hypothesis test to answer the research question is a [answer1] test for the [answer2].

Consider testing the hypotheses below: H0: p = 0.48  Ha: p > 0.48 If the standardized test statistic is  Z = 0.75, which is the only possible “correct” p-value and picture from the standard normal distribution?

Researchers are interested in finding out if there is any association between the number of hours a student works in a week and the number of classes they miss in a week.  Assume data was collected and they found a correlation of 0.326. Using this information, they calculated a p-value of 0.194. Determine whether each of the statements below is true or false.

Hill races are races that climb generally steep hills, held in Scotland throughout the year. They have a written history in Scotland dating back to the year 1040. The data set provides the record times (in minutes) for both men and women from 90 races held in 2008. Research Question: Does the data suggest, on the average, that the record time (in minutes) is faster for men when compared to women? This is an example of paired data because there are two recorded measurements for each [answer1].  On the average, the record holders for the men took 10.39 [answer2] minutes to complete the race. When using the paired t procedure, we [answer3] successful in reducing variation between the races, because the standard deviation for the differences: sd = [answer4] minutes is [answer5] the standard deviations found with the original two samples for men and women.

Researchers surveyed n = 25 stat 200 female students to determine how many days out of the week they consume one or more alcoholic beverage. Their goal was to see if there was evidence that females students in stat 200 had consumed alcoholic beverages more than 2 days per week, on the average. The relevant sample statistic is 2.30 days per week with a standard error of 0.332 days per week.  The p-value is 0.188. Correctly complete the p-value interpretation below: The chance of seeing a test statistic of [answer1] = [answer2] or any value [answer3] is [answer4], if in fact the [answer5] hypothesis is true.