[U5Q] Jacob is the behaver. When Jacob whines and complains that his homework is too hard, his foster mom always ignores him and continues whatever task she is doing at the time. If Jacob nicely asks for help with his homework, then his foster mom stops her task and assists Jacob with his homework. Now, Jacob consistently asks for help with his homework more often instead of whining and complaining about it. This is an example of:

[U5Q] Joanne asks for money only when her dad is around. She does not ask for money when her mom is around because, in the past, her dad always gave her money when she asked, and her mom did not. This is an example of:

[U5Q] Lilli will often ask her friends to play games when she’s done with homework. She never asks Cora, who rudely says, “No!” when Lilli asks. She also does not ask Cameron, as he is usually playing videogames and ignores her. Lilli also never asks her friends on Tuesdays when her cousins come over to play. Which of the following is functioning as an SΔ in this scenario?

[U6Q] When Heather wants to order a salad, sometimes she will use her phone to place the order. Sometimes she will go to her computer to place an order for delivery or drive over to pick it up herself. All these responses have resulted in getting salad. This is an example of a(n):

[U5Q] Judith prompts her student, “Show me the color green,” when presenting pictures of a leaf, a cat, and a glass of water. The student touches the picture of a leaf. This is an example of a:

[U5Q] Stanley loves pizza. After driving in his car on a work trip, he was hungry and stopped at a fried chicken restaurant because it was the only restaurant open. Back on the road and several miles later, he passed a pizza restaurant with an illuminated “Open” sign. Even though Stanley loves pizza, he kept driving instead stopping to order pizza because he was full. What is the value-altering effect of eating fried chicken?

[U5Q] Trent gets a question marked wrong on his exam that he thinks is correct. Trent immediately contacts his professor to ask about that question. What is the behavior-altering effect?

[U5Q] When Gene cheers for his mom after she has given a speech, his dad smiles at him and cheers too. When Gene cheers for his mom during her speech, his dad looks annoyed and shushes him. Going forward, Gene cheers after his mom’s speeches and not during them. This is an example of:

[U5Q] Penny loves to eat garlicky foods, but her brother often makes fun of her breath afterward. When Penny’s brother has a bad cold and cannot smell anything, he does not mock her. Now, whenever Penny’s brother has a bad cold, she eats a lot of garlicky food. The sight of her brother with a bad cold is an example of an: 

Explain some of the reasons why sentencing reform has occurred.