The process of chemically altering the natural wave pattern of hair is:

The most common reducing agents used are:

In permanent waving, the size of the rod determines the size of the curl.

Chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs of:

The cortex layer of the hair structure is responsible for the hair’s length and texture.

Chemical side bonds formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together are:

The curvature permanent wrap uses zigzag partings to divide base areas.

Salt bonds can be broken by water, whereas disulfide bonds are broken by changes in pH.

The main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions is:

The term pH is an abbreviation used for potential hydrogen.