Which of the following events leads to the learning of escape and avoidance behaviors?

Of the following physiological needs, which one is relatively less regulated by intraorganismic mechanisms and relatively more regulated by extraorganismic ones?

All of the following are potential causes of muscle fatigue except:

The environmental incentive that activates the emotional and behavioral potential of the implicit motive for affiliation is:

Damage to the cerebellum could impair which functions?

When an individual possesses very high personal skills and competencies for a given activity and then engages in an activity with a very low opportunity for challenge, he or she will most likely experience:

The smell of food, the appearance of food, the time of day, and the presence of other people who are eating all represent _____ that contribute to and regulate the rise and fall of hunger and eating.

If you were to add a proton to an atom, how would that atom’s charge change?  

If the plasma membrane lowered resistance by opening gated ion channels, how would this affect current?

What is meant by antagonistic and cooperative dual innervation? Provide an example of each.