When scholars spend a great deal of time in the place that they are studying, observing people, talking with them, and even engaging in the same activities, they are conducting _________ research.

Why would residents move into a high-crime neighborhood? One possible explanation is______. The residents leaving a neighborhood are likely more aware of the actual level of crime and disorder, and therefore may be more averse to the neighborhood. The prospective new household may be less aware of such problems and the level of crime.

Crime events and/or incidents recorded in the UCR and NIBERS are _______.

Wirth posited that there are three key features of large human developments that shape the number of social interactions among residents, which then have consequences for residents’ sense of cohesion and attachment to society, as well as subsequent crime rates: ____, ____, and ____.

Residents who choose _______ may be in fact even more sophisticated in the ways of their lives in their neighborhoods: _______described this as the _______ that residents learn how to interpret the behavior of others on the street and how to respond. Residents in some high-crime neighborhoods face numerous threats in their daily activities. To other people, these streets may appear particularly threatening. However, the local resident who knows the “code of the street” will be able to respond in ways that make potentially threatening incidents seem relatively safe.

Greater physical distance reduced the formation of weak ties between neighbors, and even more strongly reduced the formation of strong ties. This is what Butts and Carley referred to as ________. That is, just as greater physical distance reduces the likelihood of a social tie, greater social distance also reduces the likelihood of a social tie.

_______: The psychology of liking literature posits that persons prefer to interact with others who are similar to themselves. This implies that residents will have more social ties with nearby residents when the neighborhood has residents similar to them.

_____: The first of its kind. The first case of a given development that is soon to become more generalized. For instance, Los Angeles: “A polyglot, polycentric, polyculture city.

Key principles that should be considered when defining neighborhoods:

_______: entails various responses that attempt to address the neighborhood’s problems, including collective responses such as working through existing groups or forming new ones to address the root issues of the problem through various social service organizations.