A research company combines a gene from human with a bacteria, and expresses the human gene product in a bacteria. This would be an example of 

Use the following pedigree for dwarfism to answer the questions below. Based on your understanding of inheritances is the trait dominant or recessive? Is it autosomal or sex-linked? Defend your answers. What is the genotype and phenotype for the following individuals:                        II-1  ___________­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­____________               II-3  _______________________     Individual III-4 marries her 1st cousin III-1 (YIKES), and is soon pregnant. After their child is born, they are soon divorced. The husband goes on Jerry Springer. He is furious because they have a ‘tall’ child (not affected) and is accusing his wife of sleeping with his brother (III-3). Is his anger justified? Show your evidence.

In humans, a major gene controls a characteristic of red blood cells called the ABO blood type.  Use the symbols IA, IB and i to write the possible genotypes of: A. A woman with Type A blood ________________ B. A man with Type AB blood ________________ C. A man with Type O blood ________________ D. What kind of antibodies (immune cell proteins) does a person with Type B blood have? E. A woman with type O blood has a child with type A blood. What are the possible blood types of the father?

A little girl was recently been diagnosed in kindergarten with an autosomal recessive disease known as Batten disease. Unfortunately, there is no known cure and she is not expected to live past her 20’s. She has a 5 year old brother has none of the signs of Batten disease her sister had while she was young. What is the probability that the brother is a carrier?

When studying a karyotype, how are chromosomes typically arranged (and ordered)?

A man and his wife are both carriers of the recessive allele causing Tay‐Sachs disease. A. What does “carrier” mean in genetics? Why are they important in the high frequency of fatal diseases like Tay-Sachs and Sickle-cell in populations? B. If they have a child, what is the probability that the child inherits the Tay Sachs allele but is not affected? Show your work. C. If they have another child, what is the probability that this child will have Tay‐Sachs disease? D. What cell organelle does not work properly in people with Tay Sachs disorder?

A couple use chorionic villus sampling because the mother is at risk of a genetic disease. The developing embryo has a karyotype of 46+1 (47), with an extra chromosome. What is the diagnosis? 

This is a term used to describe the lack of pleasure from typically pleasurable activities such as eating or listening to music. This is one of the hallmark criteria for Major Depression. 

Some combinations of recessive alleles cause problems so severe that the fetus ceases to develop. Such lethal allele combinations appear to alter Mendelian ratios because

1. Explain how a child could have 3 parents. (2 points max) 2. Summarize 1 of the 2 new studies recently published that use pedigrees as a part of their methods. (2 points max) Note: the maximum points you can receive on the exam is 75 points.