The pathophysiology for type I diabetes is:

A 4-year-old girl is brought to the office with a persistent cough. Her mother is concerned because she has had a wet sounding cough for the past 4 to 5 months without improvement. Past medical history is significant for three episodes of pneumonia in the past 18 months, each episode treated with antibiotics. Her mother is also concerned that she has been underweight for the past 12 months. On physical examination, the patient is afebrile and her respiratory rate is 24 breaths/minute. Her weight and height are both less than the 5th percentile. Lung examination reveals diffuse crackles and wheezes. Which of the following tests would reveal her most likely underlying diagnosis?

Baby Girl Jones is 28 hours old. She is breastfed and has a total bilirubin of 10.7. The MOST appropriate action for Baby Girl Jones is:

A 30-year-old presents with hematuria, menorrhagia, and bleeding gums and is diagnosed with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). A nurse realizes the most likely cause is:

A 4 year-old girl is found to have carditis, subcutaneous nodules and erythema marginatum. Which of the following tests would help differentiate rheumatic fever from Kawasaki’s disease?

The parents of a 2-week-old female are concerned with the infant’s jaundice and gray stools they have noticed since the infant was one week of age. The patient is alert and feeding well. Laboratory evaluation reveals a total bilirubin level of 14.2 mg/dl and a direct bilirubin level of 6.2 mg/dl. Which of the following studies is most likely to be diagnostic of this baby’s condition?

What would the effect on the O2 affinity of hemoglobin be if there were an increase in the 2,3-BPG level from 5 mM (normal altitude) to 8 mM (high altitude)?

Twelve-year-old Patrick was adopted from Ecuador as a 3-year-old and has now been diagnosed with constitutional growth delay. Appropriate management would include:

Which of the following factors leads to anemia in the premature infant?

A 13-year-old healthy male is complaining of intermittent brief, sharp bouts of retrosternal chest pain for 2 months. The family/patient history and physical exam is unremarkable. What course of action should the PNP take?