Lightening, or a noticeable change in descent of the fetus, usually results in:

C.D. is a 22-year-old primipara at 6 days postpartum coming to see you in clinic for “pain in her stitches.” She had a healthy pregnancy and delivered vaginally after a 24 hour labor. Her labor was complicated by chorioamnionitis and she and baby were treated according to current guidelines. On exam you note her 2nd degree laceration repair has partially broken down. Which of the following is the most likely contributing factor?

Based on a review of the available literature including several systematic reviews with varying results, the authors of the Varney second stage chapter conclude the following is a safe and reasonable approach to initiating active pushing in 2nd stage labor:

Which of these interventions is an evidence based practice that supports physiologic labor and birth?

Based on contemporary research related to duration of normal first stage labor, it is reasonable to anticipate that healthy nulliparous women will progress at least _____ cm per hour in first stage active phase labor.

The pelvic inlet (measured by the diagonal conjugate) is considered adequate if it is at least ____ cm in length.

Potential side effects of nitrous oxide in labor (50% N2O/O2) include all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following positions used during birth is associated with greater chance of an intact perineum?

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of epidural analgesia?

The midwife is planning artificial rupture of membranes for the indication of labor dystocia. List the 2 essential criteria for artificial rupture of membranes: