With heel strike, in what direction does the pelvis rotate?

You are examining a 12 year old male with a complaint of right knee pain.  He states the pain has been occurring for about two months.  Activity makes the pain worse.  Ice makes the pain better.  Exam is significant for tenderness at the tibial tuberosity.  Range of motion is within normal limits.  Manual muscle testing is 5/5 throughout, though knee extension reproduces the pain.  Based solely on the above information, which anatomical structure is causing the pain?

What direction is the superior articular facet facing on a typical lumbar vertebra?

You are examining a client with chronic low back pain and bilateral hip osteoarthritis.  On exam, the bilateral ASIS’s feel more inferior than normal.  Goniometry measurements indicate significant bilateral hip flexion.  Given these findings, what type of accompanying motion would be found at the lumbar spine?

How is the talocrural joint classified?

An OT student is completing a gait analysis during lab.  She measures the distance traveled between two right heel strikes.  Which component of gait is she measuring?

Postural sway is defined as the constant displacement and correction of position of the center of gravity within the base of support.  In which plane is postural sway greater?

What is the term for the amount of excursion from an upright position that a body can lean in any direction before losing balance?

Water at a flow rate of 0.009 m3/s travels from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir.  The piping system consists of 220 m cast iron pipe with an inner diameter of 6 cm.  The system contains a sharp inlet, two standard 90° elbows, an open gate valve, and sharp submerged exit into the upper reservoir.   Use the density of water as 998 kg/m3 and the viscosity as 1.0×10-3 kg/(m*s).  The Moody diagram is shown below and on the second page of the equation sheet. [15 points]  Determine the frictional head loss due to the total pipe length.  You can use the Moody diagram below or an equation to find the Darcy friction factor. [5 points] Determine the minor head loses in this system.  [13 points] Determine the power required to operate the pump if it is 85% efficient.  Enter only the number, not units in the blank below. Include three digits in your answer and give the numerical answer in kW.

The water is to be pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir at a flow rate of [w] kg/s.  The free surface of the upper reservoir is [x] meters above the free surface of the lower reservoir.  The piping system shown has a pipe diameter of [y] cm and a total frictional loss (major and minor) of [z] meters.  The pipe entrance is 4 meters below the free surface of the lower reservoir and the pipe exit is 2 meters below the free surface of the upper reservoir.  Determine the power required to pump the water if the pump is 85% efficient.  Use the water density as 998 kg/m3.    In the blank below, enter the pump power in kW.  Write your answer to three significant digits and do not include units.