List and describe a minimum of three general transcription factors need to complete the pre-initiation complex in eukaryotic transcription. What enzyme is required for eukaryotic transcription. 

a. What happens to the mRNA transcript after it is transcribed and before it leaves the nucleus?  Explain why this is necessary (3 marks).  b. Why does this not happen in prokaryotic cells? (1 mark)

A method of abdominal access for laparoscopic surgery using a small dissection to the abdominal fascia is referred to as:

Intraabdominal pressure for an average adult should be kept between: 

What does the orange tab indicate on the initial staple load and additional re-loads?

Which of the following type of stapler only generates a staple line and does not cut tissue?

What is the significance of a “donut” after stapling the colon?

35 Multiple Choice Questions

A patient presents with a vaginal discharge. Which of the following signs or symptoms would indicate that it is most likely a trichomonas infection and not a candidal infection?

A 34 year-old female who has had multiple sexual partners in the past year presents to the emergency department with pelvic pain, purulent cervical discharge, temperature of 102 F, pulse 92, respirations 18, blood pressure 130/85. Saline microscopy shows multiple white blood cells. Pregnancy test is negative. During your bimanual exam you are careful to assess for cervical motion tenderness as well as adnexal pathology. What findings would make you proceed with ultrasound for further evaluation?