Question 11: Explain the concept of file buffering in C. What is its purpose, and how does it improve the efficiency of file input/output operations?

Question 1: What is the purpose of a “newline” character in C, and how is it represented within a string literal?

Question 2: What is the function of the “return” command in C, particularly within the context of the main() function?

Question 16: What is the purpose of the ‘for’ loop in C, and what are its three main components within the parentheses?

Question 19: Describe how arrays are handled when passed as arguments to functions in C.

[BLANK-1] was an agricultural system in which landless farmers worked another’s land for a “share” of the crop.

Write on ONE (1) of the following essays. An Essay should be three to five paragraphs long and include an introduction, discussion of historical facts, and conclusion. (This essay is worth a possible 40 points, do not skip this portion of the exam!!)1. Explain the various mechanisms used to keep freed slaves from attaining full     political and social equality following the civil war. 2. Discuss the many consequences of American westward expansion, specifically     as it pertained to immigrants and Native Americans.

In the essay box below, paste your IPA transcription of this speaker’s production of the 5 words indicated below. Include diacritics if phonemes alone aren’t sufficient to accurately represent the production of the target.   Female Speaker from Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin: words to transcribe:  Stella, store, Bob, bags, train [The same audio is available in two different formats. Both are identical. Please listen to whichever one you like.]  

In the essay box below, paste your IPA transcription reflecting what you hear for the second production of this word using narrow transcription with one diacritic only. [When you listen to the recording, I’m intentionally contrasting the diacritic difference, so listen for what diacritic would best represent the difference in these two productions. The same audio is available in two different formats. Both are identical, so please listen to whichever one works best.]      

In the essay box below, paste your IPA transcription of this speaker’s production of the 5 words indicated below. Include diacritics if phonemes alone aren’t sufficient to accurately represent the production of the target.   Female speaker from Brooklyn, New York words to transcribe:  call, ask, store, snack, bags [The same audio is available in two different formats. Both are identical. Please listen to whichever one you like.]