How does the momentum of the dynamite before the explosion compare to the total momentum of all of the pieces immediately after the explosion?

The next two questions deal with this situation: In one early experiment that helped determine the structure of matter, alpha particles were shot at a thin sheet of gold foil. The particles were detected on a screen that could be moved about the room.

Below is a mass spectrum for one of the molecules pictured above. Which molecules produced this spectrum?   

As you stand on the escalator going from one floor to a higher one at constant speed, which of these statements best describes what is happening?

The next two questions deal with this situation: Suppose you are playing baseball and hit the ball with the bat.

How do we measure the mass of planets?

This graph indicates the melting range for mantle rock at different pressures (left) and the melting range for mantle rock in the presence of H2O (right). Image Description Image of two graphs. The graph on the left shows pressure (y-axis) versus temperature (x-axis). At the bottom right where temperature and pressure are low, the rock is all solid. The top right of the graph shows the rock as all liquid where temperature is high and pressure is low. Starting with low temperature and pressure, as you move toward greater temperature and pressure, a zone of melting runs from the top and bottom along the center of the graph. It starts where pressure is high and temperature is low and curves to the bottom right of the graph as temperature and pressure both increase. The graph on the right shows pressure versus temperature with water. At the bottom right where temperature and pressure are low, the rock is all solid. The top right of the graph shows the rock as all liquid where temperature is high and pressure is low. Starting with low temperature and pressure, as you move toward greater temperature and pressure, a zone of melting with water cuts across the first half of the graph. It starts where pressure is high and temperature is low and stays in the melting zone as pressure increases and temperature stays low. As temperature gets higher alongside pressure, the meling zone with water curves to the bottom of the graph ending where you have medium temperature and high pressure. When ocean plates are subducted, water is introduced into the mantle. What effect does introducing water have on mantle rock?

Which rock layer (H, O, and I are not rock layers) is the youngest?

When measuring the positions of the lines in the absorption spectrum of stars in a certain galaxy, the lines are all shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. This means

The gasoline engine of an automobile is considerably less than 100% efficient. This means that not all of the energy in the gasoline is turned into kinetic energy of the car. Which of these statements best explains why?