v-Raf is a virus-acquired form of the serine/threonine kinase RAF (BRAF). Which of the following best describes the molecular nature of the mutation that causes v-RAF to be constitutively active.

An increase in cyclin D activity may result from all of the following EXCEPT

Select each true statement regarding the consequence of Rb binding to E2F.

What type of enzyme is hTERT?

DNA damage may result in all of the following EXCEPT

The hTERT gene must be up-regulated for human cells to escape crisis.

Briefly describe the basic molecular mechanism that triggers the barrier that counts cell divisions.

Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that the multi-step process of tumorigenesis requires the acquisition of [A] to transform a normal human epithelial cell.

Apoptosis does not occur in cells lacking p53.

Mammary epithelial cells expressing the Ras oncogene were treated with TGFβ for 7 days to induce EMT, then the exogenous TGFβ was removed. What do you think will happen to the identity (epithelial vs mesenchymal) of these cells and why?