The music scene in early twentieth-century Mexico was strongly influenced by  

  Ives’s compositional style was  

  Which Afro-Cuban dance with a fast, syncopated beat helps to give this excerpt from Leonard Bernstein’s West Side Story a sense of what choreographer Jerome Robbins described as “gritty realism”?  

  The post-WWI movement whose artists explored creativity by breaking from social and artistic conventions was called  

  The simultaneous use of several rhythmic patterns is called  

  Troubled Island by William Grant Still was the first opera by an African American produced by New York’s City Opera.  

  What is the name of the David Bowie album released shortly before his death in January 2016?  

  Which types of works did George Gershwin compose?  

According to libertarianism, the state is an unethical entity because it unconstitutionally taxes people’s income. 

These instructions apply to questions 69–70. Instructions: Evaluate this item in terms of how well it complies with the guidelines for restricted-response essay test items. Then answer the questions below. Item to Analyze:   ESSAY QUESTION (5 points). Time limit for this question: 12 minutes.  Discuss the issue of student grading.