Why is phagocytosis necessary to activate B cells to produce antibodies

Twenty-five people developed symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea only 1 hr after attending a church picnic where they ate ravioli from canned food. The most likely cause of this case of food intoxication is

Table 15.2   Bacterium ID50 E. coli O157:H7 20 Legionella pneumophila   1 Shigella 10 Treponema pallidum 57   Which organism in Table 15.2 most easily causes the most virulent infection?

CD4 T cells interact with

Select 3 virulence factors that microbes can use to evade the immune system (3pts) M protein Capsule Antigenic drift Hemolysis Collagenase Spike

B cell are activated by (Select all that apply) Interaction with the antigen Prostaglandins Signaling from T cell cytokines T cytotoxic cells

All of the following are enzymes produced by bacteria except

Which molecules are involved in resetting the body to a higher temperature during an infection (Select all that apply) Interleukins Lysozyme Perforin Prostaglandins

__________ are granulocytes (Select all that apply) Neutrophils Dendritic cells Basophils Macrophages

Table 15.1 Bacterium   ID50 for sepsis     Escherichia coli       No antibiotics   300    Escherichia coli     + ciprofloxacin   150         This table show the ID50 of the risk of sepsis associated with a particular E. coli strain. Based on these data, E. coli and administration antibiotic during a septicemia model of infection