Glycine is acetic acid (ethanoic acid) with an amine group attached i.e. 2-amino acetic acid. The pKa of the glycine carboxyl group is 2.34 and the pKa of acetic acid is 4.75.  Briefly explain why there is such a large difference in the pKa values between these two carboxylic acid groups.

A paragraph in the Opinion Section of the auditors’ report states: “In our opinion, with the exception of the effects of not observing inventory in one of the client’s Siberian warehouses, … the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects…” This paragraph expresses a(n)

A prayer recited at the bedside after death has occurred is called __________________________________.

How many residues are there in the sequence with acidic side chains (R groups) that have a pKa of 5 or less? Identify these amino acids by name or acceptable abbreviation.

Which of the following activities is ordinarily performed prior to the date of the financial statements?

This figure shows the results of a 2-dimensional gel that was run to separate the proteins found in a snake toxin. Locate the prominent dark spot in the upper right-hand quadrant on the 2-dimension gel and answer these questions.  Name one thing that you can infer about that amino acid composition of this major spot from the isoelectric focusing direction of the gel?  What is one thing that you can infer from the PAGE direction of this gel about this protein? Image Source: Hatakeyama, et al. (2018) Image Description  A 2-Dimensional Electrophoresis (2-DE) gel showing the separation of proteins. The x-axis represents the pH range from 3 to 10, and the y-axis represents molecular weight from 15 kDa to 250 kDa. Multiple protein spots are visible, indicating their isoelectric points and molecular weights. The label “A” marks a significant area of interest on the gel. The gradient shading reflects the concentration of proteins, with darker spots representing higher protein abundance.

Procedures used to allow auditors to extend their conclusions to the end of the year under audit are referred to as:

In each of the circumstances listed below, indicate, by appropriate letter (A, B, C, or D), which of the following types of opinions should be rendered on the entity’s financial statements. Unmodified Qualified Adverse Disclaimer Type A for unmodified, B for qualified, or C for adverse, or D for disclaimer. If you type anything other than A, B, C, or D your answer will be marked as incorrect.   1. Departure from generally accepted accounting principles that is material but not pervasive. 2. Going-concern uncertainties that may have a material (but not pervasive) effect on the financial statements. 3. Emphasis of a matter, no generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) departure. 4. Material, but not pervasive, scope limitation. 5. Material and pervasive departure from generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)

Upload an image of your answer to this question. Automated Edman degradation was used to determine the amino acid sequence of the proteins as described in the N-terminal amino acid Sequence determination section of the paper.  Using this scheme as a guide, add any key missing O, N, or H atoms along with electron pushing arrows to complete the reaction mechanisms for 1., the addition of the Edman reagent (phenyl isothiocyanate or PITC) to form the PTC derivative, the intermediate cyclic compound, and 2., the breaking of the peptide bond to form the intermediate thiazolinone intermediate.   Image Description PITC (Phenyl Isothiocyanate) react with an amino acid residue as part of a peptide chain and produce PTC Derivative. PTC derivative react  with an unknown molecule to form cyclic intermediate called PTH The cyclic intermediate reacts to form the thiazolinone intermediate, releasing a peptide with an amino terminus.

In the context of this course, what does the acronym PCAOB stand for?