(03.02 MC) When kelp plants in coral reefs are exposed to sunlight, blue and red wavelengths of light are absorbed by the kelp. Energy from green wavelengths is lost to the kelp. Explain why this phenomenon does not violate the Law of Conservation of Energy. (3 points)

(03.02 HC) Scientists wanted to cultivate fish in a closed system. What features should be included to ensure a closed system? (3 points)

(01.04 LC) Which density/temperature statement is correct? (3 points)

Is ultraviolet (UV) light effective in penetrating plastic? 

(01.01 LC) Up until 1938, paleontologists accepted the idea that coelacanths (an ancient fish) went extinct at the time that they last appear in the fossil record, about 80 million years ago. But in 1938, a live coelacanth was discovered off the coast of South Africa that was compared to the fossil record and found to be the same species. What focus of science does this discovery represent? (3 points)

(02.01 MC) Plate tectonics is the theory explaining the structure of the earth’s crust and the resulting features and processes of the interaction of the plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle. There are four boundary zones that are created by these plate interactions. Which process is responsible for forming the islands of Japan? (3 points)

(01.02 LC) The structure of carbonic acid, an important component of ocean chemistry, is depicted below. What type of model best describes this figure? (3 points) Public Domain

(01.03 LC) Organisms living in the deep bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones require oxygen for respiration. What process brings oxygen from the epipelagic zone to deeper oceanic zones? (3 points)

(01.01 MC) A marine scientist collected data regarding the height of the tide at Clearwater Beach over the course of a week. The data is shown below. Tidal Height Vs. Time during January 17-24 at Clearwater Beach, FL Day Low Tide High Tide 18-Jan 1:10 AM 6:39 PM 19-Jan 2:11 AM 7:40 PM 20-Jan 3:10 AM 8:37 PM 21-Jan 4:01 AM 9:28 PM 22-Jan 4:44 AM 10:14 PM 23-Jan 5:24 AM 10:55 PM 24-Jan 6:01 AM 11:33 PM She concludes the tide will always be lowest at night. Is she correct? (3 points)

(02.06 LC) Coal-fired power plants release emissions such as nitrogen compounds into the air. The nitrogen and water cycle combine when nitrogen returns to the soil as acid rain through which water cycle process? (3 points)