Doctors sometimes focus on a diagnosis that seems to “fit” a collection of symptoms, even if that condition is statistically rare compared to more common conditions that share some of the same symptoms.

According to dual process theories the “atmosphere effect” in reasoning with categorical syllogisms arises from:

Consider the following premises and conclusion: Premise 1: If the company increases its marketing budget, then sales will improve. Premise 2: Sales improved. Conculsion: The company increased its marketing budget. In this set of statements, what is the conclusion? 

You decide not to buy a product with thousands of positive reviews after focusing on a single negative review.

A manager reasons:If someone is a good employee, then they arrive early.You arrive early.Therefore, you’re a good employee. This conditional reasoning can be characterized with which of the following labels? (Check all that apply.)

Which theory suggests that humans have evolved specific cognitive mechanisms to detect rule-breakers in social exchange situations?

In Mental Models theory, incorrectly rejecting Modus Tollens conclusions typically occurs because:

Presenting data as frequencies rather than probabilities:

If P then Q Not Q Therefore Not P  

A conclusion in a cateogrical syllogism is logically invalid if: