A point mutation changes a codon from 5′ UGG 3′ to 5′ UGU 3′. This changes the amino acid from tryptophan (which is nonpolar) to cysteine (which is polar). What is the most likely impact of this mutation on the protein’s structure and function?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can “turn on” (activate expression of) multiple genes at the same time that are all needed for a particular metabolic pathway or process. In prokaryotic cells, this is often because the genes are [a]; in eukaryotic cells, this is often because the genes are [b].

Students are studying a protein found in frogs that overwinter in Alaska. Frogs are eukaryotes. The frogs actually freeze during the winter, then revive once temperatures warm up. They are planning to synthesize the protein in large quantities using bacteria to make it. The researcher hires a student to work with them on this project. The student suggests cutting the entire gene out of the frog’s chromosome so it can be added to the bacteria’s genetic information. If they do this, will the bacteria produce the same protein that the frog produces?

Hydrogen ion channels are added to the inner mitochondrial membrane. What impact would this have on ATP production during cellular respiration?

When mitosis occurs normally (without errors), it produces _______.

If an on-air TV reporter asks Pat (an expert on sea life) a question about shellfish allergies (outside Pat’s area), Pat should:   A) Try to answer the question to the best of their ability B) Acknowledge the importance of the question but bridge back to sea life issues C) Refuse to answer D) Recommend an allergy expert to talk to

[5pts] In Project 4, how do we find and kill zombie processes? 

Social media can amplify misinformation because: A) Mainstream news outlets share articles through social media B)  False information is trusted when shared from trusted friends C)  Individuals can only reach like-minded people using social media platforms D)  Social media companies are highly regulated to favor misinformation

If a reporter interviewing you about the science of climate change asks you, “why are scientists causing extreme storms?” (and you know they are not), your best response would be: A) I do not think that scientists are causing extreme storms. Why would you ask that question? B) They are not. C) Scientists have established that human activity is causing climate change, which fuels more extreme storms. D) I don’t know the answer to that question, you might want to ask the scientists who were investigating cloud seeding in the 1970s.

Hepatitis C differs from Hepatitis A because it