During the early Middle Ages, Frankish leader Charles Martel led forces that opposed and defeated the Umayyad Caliphate army at the Battle of Tours. If the battle had gone the other way, which statement is not an unreasonable inference to draw?

Why is the Qur’an the holy book of Islam?

In 622, Muhammad fled Mecca to the city of Medina (Hijra) and while there he ____________ .

One key reason why different American Indian tribes often developed different cultures was that each

Looking across time at successful empires such as Rome and Byzantium, what characteristic best explain their long existence?

Which of the following institutions existed during the Roman era and after the empire’s fall continued into the Middle Ages?

Using the picture, and your study of Africa, answer the following question. What traded good was most important to the prosperity and growth of these African kingdoms? MedievalAfricanTradingEmpires.jpg

Alexander the Great’s vast conquest spread Greek language & culture across the ancient Near/Middle east which is called ________ by historians.

Use the graph and your deductive skills to answer the question The people who left behind objects at Level 3 were most likely ArchaeologicalDigGraph.jpg

Use the map and your studies from this chapter to answer the question What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map? IslamsSpread.jpg