The operational definition refers to how you assess the validity of a variable.

After he had finished his qualitative data analysis, Dr. Yorgason took it back to his participants to see if he had adequately reflected what they had said. This is an example of debriefing.

Dr. Frank N. Stein developed an aggression measure and had his students fill out the measure and an already existing measure of aggression. He found that students’ scores on the two measures were moderately correlated. This is an example of

A young researcher is interested in whether seniors spend more time than freshman studying in the library. Having obtained the percent of students who are freshman and seniors from the administration, the researcher proceeds to ask seniors and freshman how much time they spend in the library, making sure the sample matches the correct % for freshman and seniors, respectively. The researcher has used

Participants were not allowed to withdraw from the study.

Temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit)

Describe how to collect EACH of the following types of samples – cluster sample – quota sample

Researchers look for patterns in the data after observing the situation and taking field notes

Identify which is the dependent and independent variable.

1-6. Match the scale/level of measurement with the example.