In caring for a patient with diabetes, microalbuminuria measurement should be obtained:

Larry, a 74-year-old male, has a history of Type 2 diabetes and takes Metformin 1000 mg BID.  His BMI is 32 kg/m2 , Comorbidities include coronary artery disease.  Most recent HbA1c 8.7%.  Based on the 2024 American Diabetes Association standards of care, what is the next best medication to start.

Which patient has a diagnosis of diabetes:

Tom, a new patient is here to see you today about his recent diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Due to the COVID pandemic and Tom starting to work from home, he has gained 12 pounds in the last year.  The patient weighs 215 pounds and BMI is 37 kg/m2.  Tom asks you about weight loss and what goals he should set.  

Jerry is a 58-year-old male, with past medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, glaucoma, gout, HF, and peripheral neuropathy.  He takes Metformin, Trulicity (GLP1RA), Humalog (rapid acting insulin) and Lantus (basal insulin).  Jerry presented initially about 1 week ago and saw your collaborating physician in clinic with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.  Labs were drawn, below are the results: Na        138 mmol/L  (135-145) K           4.2 mEq  (3.5-5.0 mEq) Cr          1.01 mg/dL  (0.8-1.3) eGFR     >60 mL/min/1.73m2 Cl           101 mEq/L  (97-110) CO2       26 mmol/L  (22-32) Lipase     560 U/L (10-140) Based on the above subjective and objective findings, what is your plan of care?

Which patient is at highest risk for hypoglycemia?

Which health problems are patients with hypertriglyceridemia are at risk for?  Select all that apply.

Joan is a 43-year-old peri-menopausal woman who presents to your office today to establish as a new patient.  Routine medications include Lisinopril 10 mg daily, HCTZ 12.5 mg daily, and Albuterol inhaler 1 to 2 puffs every four hours prn wheezing that she only uses rarely for wheezing (last time was two months previously).  She tells you that she is sexually active with three partners over the last 12 months and is “so happy that I’m to the point in my life when I’m done with babies”.  She “usually” uses condoms for contraception, but “sometimes forgets”.  Her periods are occurring every 3-6 weeks and are variable. Her physical exam is within normal limits including normal blood pressure.  What is your best plan of care for Joan?

Jean is a 47-year-old new patient to your practice who presents to clinic with complaints of fatigue.  Exam is normal other than her blood pressure is 138/88.  You order screening labs of CBC, CMP, TSH and a FLP due to family history of hyperlipidemia.  Results are normal except fasting blood sugar (FBS) is 114 mg/dl and triglycerides are 262 mg/dl.  What labs would you like to order now?

Mr. Jackson is a 45-year-old you recently started on an antihypertensive.  He is a non-smoker.  You see him for follow up one month after beginning therapy.  His only complaint is a dry cough since starting the medication.  This is most likely a side effect of a(n):