_____________ refers to the reliable effects of schedules when in place for a relatively long period of time. 

Manipulating ______________________ was one way to meet the characteristic of “focus on reinforcement first” designed to influence the effectiveness of a punisher.  

______________ has been used to account for reduced effectiveness of punishers when introduced gradually.  

Gradually changing punisher _________________ has been shown to weaken the effects of punishment relative to abrupt introduction. 

BONUS (up to 3 points): Explain the differences between osteoporosis and osteomalacia.

A bond that has a “AAA” rating would have a __[x]____ coupon rate since its risk of default is __[y]____. (*2*) Hint: Remember the basic principle about risk and return.

BONUS #2: The coupon rate is best described as ________________. (1) 

What type of information is collected for an independent analysis?

What is a phonetic inventory and how is one obtained? 

Match the following assessment procedure with the purpose: