(Ho, 3 pts) What are the bioactive components of human breast milk?

(Ho, 3 pts) List 2 advantages and 2 challenges of culture-independent method by DNA sequencing in studying gut bacteria compared to culture-dependent technique.

(Darch, 1 pt) What does Exotoxin A produced by P. aeruginosa have in common with shiga toxin, diptheria toxin and cholera toxin all have in common and by what process does it enter host cells?

(Darch, 1 pt) What is the size range of reported bacterial aggregates in the sputum found in the lung of a patient with cystic fibrosis (in number of cells)?

(Anderson, 2pts) Which one of the following serves as the major adhesin of Bartonella henselae that facilitates bacterial aggregation, substrate attachment that leads to biofilm formation?

(Ho, 3 pt) List 3 benefits of commensal bacteria on host:

(Darch, 2 pt) Name two types of infection P. aeruginosa can cause

(Ouyang, 3 pt) Describe the Vls antigenic variation system in Borrelia burgdorferi.

The abdominal incision commonly used for trauma surgery because it provides quick access to the peritoneal cavity and the ability to extend it easily if necessary is the _____ incision.

Hernias that significantly reduce the blood supply to the hernia contents are said to be _____ hernias.