A patient in the hospital had a bacterial infection treated with Erythromycin. After some time, she is discharged and goes home where she takes some of her left-over Penicillin in hopes that more antibiotics will help kill her bacterial infection faster. A few days later she returns to the ER and notices some GI upset along with Diarrhea. Due to the severity of the GI symptoms and broad-spectrum oral antibiotics not working against the infection, the provider decides to conduce a colonoscopy. This test yield results for a Pseudomembranous Colitis. What is the most likely the causative agent and appropriate treatment?

Which of the following drugs is responsible for interfering with protein synthesis? 

A primer comprised of _________ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition.

You are the provider on a Pediatric floor in the hospital. A new admission is brought in for observation due to consistent bloody diarrhea with GI upset. The patient’s mother is trying to give you the child’s history, but she is distress as she has two other children with her, and no one has had nap time. The mother explained that the child has some kind of French named disease but can’t recall the exact name. You as a brilliant microbiologist student remembered that the associated disease name was called Guillain-Barre Syndrome. The next step is to run routine labs and get a gram stain. The labs showed a gram-negative bacterium that was partially comma shaped. What is the causative agent and the first line treatment? 

A 10-month-old boy present for complaints of “screaming episodes” for the past 24 hours. He appears well except for episodes of screaming with flexion of the hips and knees about every 25-30 minutes. The episodes last < 1 minute and he appears well again right after. He has had 2 episodes of non-bilious vomiting. Parents deny fever, blood in stool or vomit. Vital signs and hydration are normal. On exam, he has hyperactive bowel sounds in the right upper quadrant. His abdomen is not notable tender. Rectal and stool exams are negative for blood. What is the BEST next step in management?

A 3-year-old boy is evaluated by a pediatrician for symptoms of malabsorption. Since age 5-months, he has had bulky, strong-smelling stools with painful abdominal bloating and flatulence after eating breakfast each morning. He is currently eating a normal diet but appears malnourished. On physical exam, his abdomen is distended. If you ordered an intestinal biopsy, which of the following findings would most likely be present?

This major mineral works with Sodium to maintain a balance by remaining in the intracellular water of cells:

When microbes are in a close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it is called

The enzyme that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them, and correctly replace them is

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System aids in the correction of hypovolemia works as a negative feedback system. It works to increase blood volume by: