Which of the following is NOT true regarding how genetic variants/mutations occur and result in genetic diseases and disorders?

Choose the best answer from the choices below. A couple has a child with cystic fibrosis. Neither parent has cystic fibrosis. This couple wants to have a second child. What is the probability that this second child will have cystic fibrosis?

Bioethics Case Study Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene responsible for producing an important subunit of hemoglobin. People that have 2 copies of the mutation have the disease, and those that have 1 copy do not have the disease but are considered “carriers”. At the molecular level, abnormalities in the hemoglobin protein cause it to clump, which leads the red blood cells (rbcs) that carry hemoglobin to become misshapen. As a result, the rbcs cannot bind oxygen as efficiently and the body is deprived of oxygen (anemia). The abnormally shaped rbcs also slow down blood flow and become clogged in narrow blood vessels, causing pain. There is no cure for sickle cell anemia, and the goal of treatment is to manage symptoms. Robin, a 30-year-old female, is a carrier for sickle cell anemia. She recently married Brent, who is also a carrier for sickle cell anemia. They want to start having kids immediately but cannot afford the invasive and expensive assisted reproductive technologies that would ensure them a baby without sickle cell anemia. If they decide to have children naturally, they will have a 1-in-4 (25%) chance of producing a child with the disease. Robin has close relatives who suffer significantly with sickle cell anemia, and she does not want to bring a child into the world with the same difficult fate. Brent is more optimistic and takes the view that they have a 3-in-4 (75%) chance of producing a child that does NOT have sickle cell anemia. Robin does not want to “play the odds” and would prefer to adopt, while Brent feels strongly about having a biological child. Which of the following is an ethical question raised here? [1] Which of the following is a relevant scientific fact to this ethical question? [2] Which of the following is not a stakeholder in how this ethical question gets resolved? [3] Which of the following is not paired with the correct relevant ethical consideration? [4]

The rare tortoiseshell kitten that was discovered at an animal shelter was XY (had one X and one Y chromosome).

 Which of the following best describes homology dependent DNA repair.

The pedigree below follows the inheritance of a rare disease in a family. This disease is characterized by weak bones, as well as other symptoms.  This pedigree most likely shows the inheritance of what kind of gene? Choose the best answer from the choices below.

Andrew’s company uses a special email program for communicating within the organization. What should the company do to ensure that its employees are able to access the inbox even when they are away from office?

The spell checker flags your company’s name as a misspelling. Which of the following will stop the spell checker from flagging later occurrences in the worksheet?

Bob and Linda are a newly married couple. They hope to have a child but are having trouble getting pregnant. They visit a fertility clinic, where they receive genetic tests. One test shows that Bob is healthy but carries a single disease-causing allele for CFTR (the gene that can cause cystic fibrosis), but Linda does not. What type of genetic test was performed?

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a major genetic component. ADHD is polygenic. In 2023, scientists examined  38,691 individuals with ADHD and 186,843 without ADHD. The scientists identified variants in 76 genes that were correlated with ADHD. These are considered risk variants. To develop ADHD does an individual’s genome need to have risk variants in all 76 genes? [No] Could one or more of these risk variants be found in the genomes of someone without ADHD? [Yes]