The nurse is completing discharge education with a patient who underwent a mechanical heart valve replacement. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?

When evaluating the effectiveness of preoperative teaching with a patient scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery using the internal mammary artery, the nurse identifies a need for further education if the patient states:

A 62-year-old patient is admitted to the medical surgical unit and just got back from their routine hemodialysis run. The patient states while getting to the chair, “I’m really dizzy.” Which action should you take first?  

A nurse is assessing a patient newly diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following should the nurse recognize as a cutaneous manifestation of SLE?

The mass you are imaging has a diameter of 35 mm.  This value can also be expressed as:

A nurse is calculating fluid resuscitation for an adult patient with 40% total body surface area (TBSA) burns using the Parkland formula. The patient weighs 70 kg. What is the total amount of lactated Ringer’s solution the patient should receive in the first 24 hours?

The transducers below are imaging a vessel at different angles.  The arrow indicates the direction of blood flow.  Which transducer will detect the largest Doppler frequency shift? Physics flow direction.png

During a sonographic examination of a large vessel, a 450 beam to vessel angle would be called:

In the image below, the waveform indicates poststenotic turbulence.  What term describes the point at which flow becomes turbulent? physics turbulence.jpg

Describe competition and the principle of competitive exclusion; please be specific in your description.  In addition, contrast intraspecific and interspecific competition using named examples.