All of the following are possible explanations for false positive cfDNA screening for Turner syndrome, EXCEPT?

The Central Dogma: [blank1] encodes RNA; [blank2] encodes protein

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) is a result of chromosome _______________.

A mating between a purebred purple-flowered pea plant and a purebred white-flowered pea plant would produce a(n) ______. 

In gel electrophoresis, DNA migrates through the gel when an electric charge is applied.  This is because the DNA molecule has a [blank1] charge and moves toward the [blank2] electrode.

Using recombinant DNA technology to modify an organism’s DNA to achieve desirable traits is called _____________.

A parent cell of a certain organism has 16 chromosomes and undergoes meiosis. The resulting cells will have how many chromosomes?

Amino acids are linked onto a polypeptide chain by ribosomes. What carries free amino acids to the ribosomes?

In the figure below, alleles are indicated by

Which of the following catalyzes the process of transcription?