How many mg of anesthetic are in 1 ml of 4% Articaine?

In regard to the local anesthetic molecule, what are the cations responsible for?

When administering a PSA  injection the clinician contacts the zygomatic process, What should the clinician do?

How many cartridges can you administer to a healthy 60 pound boy during one appointment when using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine?

How many milliliters of Mepivacaine 3% can be safely administered? (see the above case)

Where is the primary location for excretion of amide-type anesthetics?

What blood supply is in close proximity to the PSA foramen, and therefore is a concern for the PSA injection and going too deep?

The significance of the mylohyoid nerve to dental local anesthesia is that it may supply innervations to what teeth?

Stacey, an 18-year-old soccer player, arrives for the extraction of teeth #4, 12, 20, and 28. She is given five cartridges of 4% Articaine with epi 1:100,000. Her mother calls 3 hours following the appointment stating that Stacey’s face appears cyanotic and is acting sluggish. Her nail beds look dark blue, and the blood at the extraction sites is chocolate brown in color. What is MOST likely the condition presented?

Which of the following symptoms would distinguish if a patient is having a toxic response to the local anesthetic drug or the vasoconstrictor at moderate overdose levels?