Scenario: You pick up a newspaper and read the headline: “Higher income is linked to greater marital satisfaction!” You locate the empirical article that the journalist cites to learn more about the study. Here are some fast facts from the empirical article: The researchers sampled 200 married adults from the Atlanta area. The researchers measured income by having participants report their income from the previous year and measured marital satisfaction using a 5-item self-report scale that they developed for the study. Only income and marital satisfaction were measured. The researchers reported: “There was a statistically significant relationship between higher income and marital satisfaction.” Questions:  1. What type of claim is reported in the headline?   2. Ask two specific questions to interrogate the construct validity of this study.   3. Ask two specific questions to interrogate the statistical validity of this study.   4. Ask one specific question about the external validity of this study.      

DR. CAROL SCENARIO: Dr. Carol conducts a study examining the relationship between exam performance, number of class absences, and amount of time spent studying in a large random sample. Below are her findings. Assume we are using .05 as our level of significance. Exam performance and number of class absences: r = −.67, p = .01 Exam performance and time spent studying: r = .31, p = .04 Number of class absences and time spent studying: r = .04, p = .66 Comparing all three correlations, Dr. Carol will be most able to accurately predict exam performance from the number of class absences because the relationship:

Samuel Gompers was the leader of the…

For a third variable to be plausible as the explanation in an established association, the third variable must be related to both of the measured variables in the original association.

3. The invisible hand refers to   .    

Joseph H. Glidden and I.L. Ellwood developed and marketed barb wire.

 As a nation’s average education level increases, the nation’s level of productivity  

4. Ceteris paribus, if the opportunity cost of purchasing a good rises, then the maximum price a particular consumer is willing to pay for that good            

If the government places a price ceiling on cancer-treating drugs, then            

19. A labor-intensive production process is one that