Part of a standard neurological exam is to ask a patient to follow a a pen light with their eyes as you move it laterally and medially then superiorly and inferiorly. You do this in order to test the functioning of which CNs?

True of False? The hypothalamus is the master regulator of the ANS while the midbrain is the master regulator of the endocrine pituitary gland.

True or False? The “true” hormone secreting endocrine component of the pituitary gland (AKA hypophysis) is the posterior lobe whereas the anterior lobe is made up of hypothalamic nervous tissue.

During your physical assessment of a patient post-car accident you find severe weakness in the their SCM (sternocleidomastoid) muscles of the neck and trapezius muscles of the shoulders. Which CN are you concerned damage has occurred to?

True or False? People with congenital color blindness (color anopia) usually have only two functioning types of cones (i.e., they are dichromats), specifically, they have trouble distinguishing red from green. 

Photons (light particles) are converted in the photoreceptor cells of the retina to electrochemical information in the form of action potentials. This “data” is not only sent directly to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus to then be relayed to the visual cortex, but is also sent directly to the _________________ which specifically regulate various ocular reflexes.

Sodium channel inactivation in a neuron is vital to ensure what?

Hyperkalemia has what kind of acute affect on neurons? Hint: hypercalcemia has the opposite acute effect.

True or False? Both nicotinic cholinergic receptors found at the skeletal neuromuscular junction and at the synapses within autonomic ganglia are of the exact same N sub M isoform.

Unfortunately, when it comes to illicit drug overdose, toxidrome (toxic syndrome) clinical presentation is imperfect and complex synergistic symptoms from multiple co-ingested/co-injected/co-inhaled substances can overlap, clouding the clinical picture. In addition, sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic drugs not only affect adrenergic and cholinergic diffuse modulatory systems but also dopaminergic and serotonergic diffuse modulatory systems as well as opioid receptors if opiates are on board. A good example of a challenging diagnostic case like this would be a patient that decided to mix the following opposing substances (hint: pick the 2 that have opposite effects on the body in terms of their mechanisms of action and/or drug category):