48. Which of the following clinical features is characteristic of Turner syndrome?

49. In a ventricular septal defect (VSD), blood shunts from which ventricle to the other, and why?

7. Trace the correct path of deoxygenated blood through the right side of the heart to the lungs:

71. The phrase ‘carcinoma in situ’ from the cancer chapter uses the same Latin root as ‘the ductus arteriosus regresses to form the ligamentum arteriosum.’ What does ‘in situ’ mean, and what does ‘ligamentum’ indicate in the cardiovascular context?

63. Which of the following behaviors is listed as a cancer prevention strategy because it reduces the risk of infection-related cancers?

[True / False] 22. True or False: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, sunlamps, and tanning booths causes early skin aging and DNA damage that can lead to skin cancer.

[True / False] 61. True or False: The Gardasil vaccine and the hepatitis B vaccine are cited as currently used cancer-prevention vaccines, with Gardasil preventing HPV-related cervical cancer and the hepatitis B vaccine preventing hepatitis B-related liver cancer.

40. In the TNM system, what does a designation of ‘M1’ indicate?

12. The sinoatrial (SA) node is described as the heart’s ‘internal pacemaker.’ Where is it located, and what is its primary function?

46. After birth, both the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus normally close. What triggers these closures?