In “The Raven,” every element—the bird, the midnight hour, the lamplight, the word “Nevermore”—is charged with symbolic meaning. Explore how Poe builds a single, unified mood through these symbols. What does the Raven ultimately represent: grief, madness, punishment, or something else? Defend your interpretation with textual evidence.

In an essay, analyze how Voltaire uses specific scenes from Chapters 1–15—such as the castle, the battlefield, or Lisbon—to expose the flaws in Pangloss’s philosophy. Consider the tone, irony, and contrast between language and event. How does Voltaire’s satire invite readers to question blind faith in reason or optimism?

When an economy dips into recession, automatic stabilizers will:

In the _______ range of the aggregate supply curve, expansionary fiscal policy that causes aggregate ______ to increase will lead to a higher price level and a higher equilibrium level of real GDP. ​

Which economic theory argues that changes in velocity are predictable and the crowding-out effect is substantial?

Suppose that the current money market equilibrium has an interest rate of 5 percent and a quantity of $2 trillion. Suppose that at a 6 percent interest rate, the quantity of money demanded is $1.5 trillion, while at a 4 percent interest rate it is $2.5 trillion. If the Fed makes an open-market purchase of $50 billion, and the money multiplier is 10, what will be the new money market equilibrium?

Assume that an economy’s spending multiplier is 4. If this economy is in equilibrium at $2,000 billion, then which one of the following actions will bring it to a full-employment equilibrium of $1,500 billion?

According to the equation of exchange, if M = 200, P = 100, and Q = 10, the V is:

When the government levies a $100 million tax on people’s income and puts the $100 million back into the economy in the form of a spending program, such as new interstate highway construction, the:

Which of the following is an automatic stabilizer that moves the federal budget toward deficit during an economic contraction and toward surplus during an economic expansion?