A teenager usually jokes around at dinner with her family. However, when her father “looks serious,” she stops joking. In this example, the father’s serious expression functions as what?

 Letter A demonstrates coenocytic hypha

 Based on the above phylogenetic tree, which group is sister to Fungi?

An interwoven mass of hypha is called ________________. 

During the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to usable energy in the form of __________ & ___________.

Photorespiration is a metabolically wasteful process that can occur in __________ plants. It occurs when RuBP binds to ________________.

CAM plants avoid photorespiration by spatially separating preliminary carbon fixation from the remaining processes of the Calvin cycle.

Pinus is an example of a _______________ plant.

The leaves of leptosporangiate ferns are called ___________________________.

After secondary growth occurs, which of the following is the closest tissue to the exterior of the stem?