Which factors are identified in the sources as increasing the risk of forming blood clots or directly causing a pulmonary embolism? Select all that apply.

Which medication is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease by acting as a histamine antagonist, blocking the chemical that stimulates parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid?

In the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, why does the accumulation of ammonia and urea lead to encephalopathy?

Which of the following are risk factors that increase the production of hydrochloric acid potentially leading to gastroesophageal reflux disease or peptic ulcers?

Place the following stages of viral hepatitis and its consequences in the correct chronological order:

Which of the following are compensatory mechanisms triggered by the body in response to hypoxemia and hypercapnia? Select all that apply.

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its primary physiological effect or hallmark clinical manifestation:

Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the inter-alveolar septa and loss of surface area due to the action of which enzymes?

How can severe pancreatitis lead to the clinical manifestation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

What is the specific clinical indicator used to identify clubbing in a patient suffering from chronic hypoxemia?