The Paulicians were a sect of Modalistic Monarchians.

___________, the patriarch of Alexandria, opposed the theology of Nestorius and published the Twelve Anathemas against it.

Gregory XII and Benedict VIII were both dismissed as popes at the Council of Pisa in 1409.

____________, the king of Germany, was required to kneel in the snow in sackcloth and ashes for three days before he was forgiven by Pope Gregory VII, over the “Lay Investiture Controversy.”

As the Roman governor of the province of Bythinia, he wrote to the emperor Trajan, telling of these “good” people called Christians, and inquiring about what he should do with them.

In the RCC, the _____________ assists in preparing for and conducting worship, by lighting candles, etc.

He was the last of the great medieval popes, who issued the doctrine of the “two swords” in 1302, which detailed the differences in the power held by the emperor and the papacy.

The “Babylonian Captivity” describes the era in which the popes resided in Avignon, France instead of Rome.

This Jewish religious sect was similar to a monastic order and possessed several similarities to Christianity.

_____________ translated the Bible from the original languages into common Latin, called the Vulgate.