An odds ratio less than 1 indicates:

In a single case design, what would ABAB signify?

Members of a community health task force evaluate a proposal for a new adolescent screening program. Several members of the task force raise questions as to the validity of the screening instrument. Which measure of validity examines the instrument’s ability to identify diseased persons by looking at the number of true positives compared to all those who have the disease?

If the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) test is negative for airway obstruction in 99% of the individuals without lung disease, then the measurement of FEV1 is:

A physical therapist is performing clinical research in which a specific massage technique is applied to a patient with chronic back pain. She is using a single-case experimental design with an ABAB format. Her research hypothesis (alternative hypothesis) states that pain-rating scores will decrease with the treatment intervention. The scoring system for the pain rating scale is numeric (0 = no pain, and the higher the pain the higher the score). Rejection of the null hypothesis would be indicated if:

In a randomized control trial, the BEST way for a researcher to protect against the biases associated with the patient’s and investigator’s knowledge of the treatment the patient is receiving is to:

A therapist does a correlational analysis to measure the strength of the relationship between two types of pulse oximeters during a bicycle exercise under hypoxic conditions. The investigator found measured arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (%HbO2) levels to have a correlation of r=0.89 at high saturation, but only r=0.68 at low saturation levels. The results of this study suggest:

Which of the following behaviors below are likely controlled by human UMOs? Check all that apply. 

The following question has 2 parts. For full credit, both parts must be answered accurately. Define reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity. (1 pts/each) Then illustrate each one with an example. (1 pts/each)

Gokey is working with her quail (Surprise, surprise). Specifically, she is training them to peck a variety of ping pong balls. The Alpha group of quail are taught to peck red (SD) and NOT peck orange (Sdelta). The Omega group of quail are taught to peck both red and orange (SD) and NOT peck when there is no ball. Then she trains both groups of quail to NOT peck a plain white ball (Sdelta) and TO peck a ball with a vertical black stripe on it (SD). Last, Gokey presents both groups of quail with a white ball with a horizontal stripe, something the birds have not been exposed to before.  Based on the scenario above, answer the questions below. All question parts below must be answered correctly for full credit. When presented with the horizontal line, the Alpha group will likely [alpha] When presented with the horizontal line, the Omega group will likely [omega] Which group of quail is more likely to display heightened attending? [group]