Kidney gluconeogenesis becomes the major source during starvation.

9. Photosynthesis happens in:

Evaluate the following claim and answer the question based on your understanding of biological concepts we’ve covered so far. Which choices reflect strong everyday scientific literacy? Select all that apply. 

Evaluate the following claim and answer the question based on your understanding of biological concepts we’ve covered so far. Scientists found the gene for intelligence. What is the most accurate interpretation?

R5 (Scientific reasoning)A school introduces a tutoring program and also shortens class periods. Test scores rise afterward. What can be concluded most responsibly?

Scenario D: Cell division and gene regulationA lab studied a protein (Regulator R) involved in cell division. They compared normal skin cells to melanoma cells. Then they reduced Regulator R in melanoma cells and measured division after 24 hours. Data: Normal: R 1.0; dividing 12% Melanoma: R 3.5; dividing 40% Melanoma + R reduced: R 1.2; dividing 18%D2. The comparison between normal and melanoma cells shows primarily:

14. The best reason antibiotics do not treat the flu is that the flu is caused by:

R9 (Scientific reasoning)An ad says: ‘In a clinical trial, symptoms improved by 30%.’ The ad does not state what happened in the placebo group. Why does that matter?

21. Which nutrient is the body’s primary quick source of energy?

Scenario E: Carrier screening and test interpretationA PCR-based screening test has sensitivity 98% and specificity 99%. In this region, 4% of people are carriers. Assume 1,000 people are tested. Expected outcomes: True carriers: 40 -> true positives 39; false negatives 1 True non-carriers: 960 -> true negatives 950; false positives 10E6. Reasonable next step after a positive screening result: