A nurse is preparing to administer scheduled diltiazem to a client with atrial fibrillation. The client reports feeling unusually fatigued but denies chest pain or dyspnea. Assessment findings include BP 112/68 mm Hg and an apical pulse of 64/min. The cardiac monitor shows an irregular rhythm with intermittent pauses and ventricular rates ranging from 52 to 78/min. Which action should the nurse take first?  

At a resting potential of -60 mV, action potential threshold can be reached by all of the following, EXCEPT?

In the clinic, you give your patient the local anesthetic lidocaine to relieve pain for minor surgery. Lidocaine blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and thus will directly affect which of the following?

Bonus Points  Why does prolonged exposure to anesthesia increase the risk of delayed wakening in patients? Note that this rarely kills a patient. Your answer must only include reasoning from lecture material discussed in class. Any reasoning beyond this will not count.

Write 1 sentence per question to answer each of the following based on the paper assignment: 1) What was the objective of the study? 2) What was the methods? 3) What was their main finding? 4) Why was this work important, according to the authors? 5) If you were a scientist, what would you next research question be? Note, your question should be a scientific hypothesis, not medical statement.

Which specialized plant cells control the opening and closing of stomata to regulate gas exchange and water loss?

True or False: Arteries carry oxygenated blood under high pressure away from the heart to the body, except for the pulmonary artery.

In flowering plants, how do flowers (reproductive system) interact with leaves (shoot system) to ensure plant reproduction and growth?

What roles do xylem and guard cells play together to maintain water homeostasis in a plant during a hot, dry day?

What is the primary site of photosynthesis in a typical green leaf?