Explain how Madison’s view of human nature (“If men were angels…”) shapes the constitutional structure proposed in Federalist 51.

According to Federalist 10, how does federalism help to mitigate the problem of faction? In your response, apply the idea to politics today with an actual or hypothetical example

Why did the authors of the Articles of Confederation intentionally create a weak central government? Explain how specific structural features reflected fear of concentrated power.

Explain how the formal amendment process under Article V in the U.S. Constitution illustrates the constitutional balance of power between national authority and state participation.  

What are the main criticisms about the central government’s power under the proposed Constitution cited in Brutus No. 1? Identify at least 2 and explain his concerns.  

A certain integer programming problem is a maximization problem in 4 variables, x1, x2, x3, x4, all of which are binary. One of the constraints in this problem is:  3×1 + 2×2 – x3 + 4.5 x4 >= 9 This problem was solved as an LP by relaxing the restriction that all variables must be binary (i.e., the variables were allowed to take on fractional values). The optimal objective value turned out to be 10, with the optimal value for x3 being 0.5. The root node of this problem was branched on x3. The left child (corresponding to x3=0) was called CL, and its sibling was called CR. Which of these statements is true? S1: If there is any solution to this problem, then it must be at CL or at one of its descendant nodes. S2: For this integer programming problem, the optimal objective value cannot be more than 10.

Identify the context and significance of the following quotation from Kafka’s The Metamorphosis (4-6 good sentences):  We have to try to get rid of it. . . . . It will be the death of you two, I can see it now. . . . It has to go . . . . that’s the only way, Father.  You just have to try to let go of the notion that this thing is Gregor.  The real disaster is that we have believed this for so long.  But how could it be Gregor?  If it were Gregor, it would have realized a long time ago that it just isn’t possible for human beings to live beside such a creature, and it would have gone away on its own.  

An integer programming maximization problem was branched at the root node to create two child nodes, CL and CR. Both CL and CR were solved with Gurobi , allowing all variables to take on fractional values. The optimal value of CL was 12. It turned out that although the variables were allowed to take on fractional values, at the optimal vertex for CL all the variables had integer values. Similarly, CR had an optimal value of 14. But some of the variables at the optimal vertex were not integers. Which of these statements is true? S1: The node CR will need to be branched in order to find the optimal objective value for the integer programming problem. S2: The optimal objective value for the integer programming problem cannot be more than 12.  

Perimeter & Area Formulas Figures Area Perimeter Parallelogram Triangle         or         Equilateral Triangle

Part III:  Essay  Write a thoughtful, detailed response to one of the following. The essay must be at least 400 words; “A” essays usually go beyond minimum standards. Begin with a short opening paragraph that makes a main assertion related to the prompt. Have body paragraphs that directly address the topic. These body paragraphs should be the bulk of the essay. Incorporate into your body paragraphs ideas and key terms that were introduced in the videos, notes, and PowerPoints, and use specific examples from the texts to support your points. Do not, however, merely summarize the plot. End with a short conclusion that addresses the author’s intention for this work and brings your essay to a close. Include a word count (you must write this “by hand”—one point bonus will be added for doing so). Topic A) In his Narrative, Frederick Douglass discusses the pivotal moments that transformed his life educationally, morally, spiritually.  Describe in detail and discuss the impact of the following in one paragraph each: –Douglass’s interaction with Sophia Auld.  How did she first treat him? How did she change? What did Douglass learn during this experience with her?    –Douglass and his encounter with “the snake,” Edward Covey.  How did it alter Douglass’ character?  –Douglass’s interaction with “religious” slave owners like Thomas Auld (you can reference others here as well). What did Douglass learn about the relationship between slavery and Christianity?   –**Optional:  In an extra body paragraph you can discuss anything else you think relevant to this topic, or you can expand one of the previous points to a second body paragraph.   –Conclusion:  How would you characterize the transformation of Frederick Douglass, by the end of the text?  What was Douglass’ purpose in writing this autobiography?     Topic B: The Metamorphosis  Discuss the transformation of Gregor Samsa throughout the three sections of The Metamorphosis.  How does he change/evolve from the beginning of the novella to the end? In your essay, be sure to discuss the following: Gregor in Section I: what is his original reaction to his metamorphosis? How does he slowly realize that life has changed for him?  What challenges does he face?  (One body paragraph) Gregor in Section II: in what ways he is slowly embracing his new insect form? How/where does he still retain aspects of his humanity? (One body paragraph) Gregor in Section III: Assess Gregor’s changing relationship with his family.  How do they treat him?  What is Gregor’s final state, both physically and mentally?  Note:  In this paragraph, you must discuss in detail the scene where Gregor hears Grete playing the violin i(One body paragraph) **Optional: You may expand any one section to two body paragraphs if you choose. Conclusion: What do you think Kafka’s purpose was in creating a character like Gregor Samsa?